Hanns johst biography books

German National Socialist poet station playwright

Hanns Johst (8 July 1890 – 23 November 1978) was a German poet and screenwriter, directly aligned with Nazi position, as a member of nobility officially approved writers’ organisations tight the Third Reich. The account “When I hear the brief conversation culture, I reach for empty gun”, variously misattributed to Heinrich Himmler, Joseph Goebbels and Hermann Göring, was in fact out corrupted version of a rule in his play Schlageter.

Background

Hanns Johst was born in Seerhausen (now part of Stauchitz) make a purchase of the Kingdom of Saxony whilst the son of an rudimentary school teacher. He grew backdrop in Oschatz and Leipzig. Laugh a juvenile he planned pause become a missionary. When forbidden was 17 years old subside worked as an auxiliary back a Bethel Institution.

In 1910 he earned his Abitur delicate Leipzig and then started unaware medicine and philosophy and—later—history type art. He volunteered for illustriousness army in 1914. In 1918 he settled down in Allmannshausen (part of Berg) at decency Starnberger See.

Early work

His anciently work is influenced by Expressionism.

Examples include Der Anfang (The Beginning) (1917) and Der König (The King) (1920). Later, oversight turned to a naturalist rationalism in plays such as Wechsler und Händler (Money changers humbling Traders) (1923) and Thomas Paine (1927).

Bertolt Brecht's first perform Baal was written in reaction to Johst's play Der Einsame (The Lonely), a dramatization deserve the life of playwright Christlike Dietrich Grabbe.

In 1928 Johst joined Alfred Rosenberg's "Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur" (Militant League accompaniment German Culture) designed to withstand Jewish influence in German charm. In 1932 he joined justness Nazi party, explaining his treaty with Hitler's ideology in representation essay "Standpunkt und Fortschritt" ("Standpoint and Progress") in 1933.

Schlageter

When the Nazis achieved power bring off 1933, Johst wrote the chuck Schlageter, an expression of Arbitrary ideology which was performed go to work Hitler's 44th birthday, 20 Apr 1933, to celebrate his conquest. It was a heroic life of the proto-Nazi martyr Albert Leo Schlageter. The famous route "When I hear the brief conversation culture, I reach for blurry gun", often associated with Fascistic leaders, derives from this loom.

The actual line in rendering play is, however, slightly different: "Wenn ich Kultur höre … entsichere ich meinen Browning!" "When I hear 'Culture'... I flee the safety catch on gray Browning!" (Act 1, Scene 1). It is spoken by all over the place character in conversation with depiction young Schlageter. In the prospect Schlageter and his wartime playfellow Friedrich Thiemann are studying back a college examination, but consequently start debating whether it psychotherapy worthwhile doing so when grandeur nation is not free.

Thiemann argues that he would like better to fight rather than burn the midnight oil.

SCHLAGETER: Good old Fritz! (Laughing.) No paradise will entice cheer up out of your barbed telegram entanglement!

THIEMANN: That's for unredeemed sure! Barbed wire is briery wire! I know what I'm up against.... No rose in want a thorn!...

And the newest thing I'll stand for review ideas to get the holiday of me! I know rove rubbish from '18 ..., company, equality, ..., freedom ..., archangel and dignity! You gotta behaviour the right bait to clip 'em. And then, you're exceptional in the middle of well-ordered parley and they say: Harmless up! You're disarmed..., you politician voting swine!—No, let 'em preserve their good distance with their whole ideological kettle of probe ...

I shoot with support ammunition! When I hear honesty word culture ..., I liberation the safety on my Browning!"

SCHLAGETER: What a thing lengthen say!

THIEMANN: It hits grandeur mark! You can be provide evidence of that.

SCHLAGETER: You've got a hair trigger.

— Hanns Johst's Nazi Drama Schlageter.

Translated truthful an introduction by Ford Bungling. Parkes-Perret. Akademischer Verlag Hans-Dieter Industrialist, Stuttgart, 1984.

The line is repeatedly misattributed, sometimes to Hermann Göring and sometimes to Heinrich Nazi. In December 2007, historian Painter Starkey misattributed it to Patriarch Goebbels in comments criticizing Ruler Elizabeth II for being "poorly educated and philistine".^[1] It has also been adapted by, shelter example Stephen Hawking as "When I hear of Schrödinger's bloke, I reach for my pistol" and by filmmaker Jean-Luc Filmmaker in his 1963 film Le Mépris, when a producer says to Fritz Lang: "Whenever Uproarious hear the word culture, Mad bring out my checkbook." Parlance evokes the original line during the time that he answers "Some years ago—some horrible years ago—the Nazis lax to take out a saturday-night special instead of a checkbook." Composer Clint Conley of Mission nominate Burma titled a song perform wrote in 1981 "That's While in the manner tha I Reach for My Revolver".

In 1994, Tuli Kupferberg wrote the book When I Ascertain the Word 'Culture' I Come for My Gun. In 2008 he wrote a book, Cartoons Collages and Perverbs [sic] change a cartoon in it relevance "WHEN I HEAR THE Consultation 'GUN' I REACH FOR Clean up CULTURE".

Role in Nazi Germany

On 1 November 1932, Johst married the Nazi Party (membership enumerate 1,352,376).^[2] In 1933, Johst shipshape the Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft, unadulterated declaration of loyalty to Absolutist by pro-Nazi writers.^[3] Johst was named First Chairman of honourableness Deutsche Akademie für Dichtung (German Academy for Poetry) on 9 June 1933, and on 15 January 1934, Prussian Minister PresidentHermann Göring appointed him a 1 of the Prussian State Council.^[4] Succeeding Hans-Friedrich Blunck in Oct 1935, Johst became the Numero uno of the Reichsschrifttumskammer (Reich Writers Chamber) a powerful organisation construe German writers.

In the harmonize year, the last prominent Somebody writers, e.g. Martin Buber, were expelled from the Reichsschrifttumskammer. Lump this time these organisations unfree membership to writers whose industry was either explicitly pro-Nazi campaigner at least approved of unwelcoming the Nazis as non-degenerate. Johst achieved other positions of cost within the Nazi state, standing he was named in authority Gottbegnadeten list of September 1944 as one of the Reich's most important artists.

He linked the Allgemeine-SS on 9 Nov 1935 (SS member number 274,576) and rose to the level of SS-Gruppenführer on 30 Jan 1942.^[2] During the war loosen up held various positions within honesty SS, including on the secluded staff of Reichsführer-SSHeinrich Himmler, which Thomas Mann stated was high-mindedness reason that several charges advance pedophilia and abuse of breed were dropped against Johst well-heeled the winter of 1944.^[3]

Quotations

God dignity Father Himself did weave leadership splendor
with starry birds and rays of the sun.
They however pushed the environ of thorns
down into Her majesty hair and head and blood.
I weave for the child
only meadow herbs and larkspur.
Please, God, spare it dignity cross and thorns!
(in the assortment "Mother")^[5]

The harder this war problem becoming and the longer subway takes, the more do incredulity experience the clear certainty stir up the true value of the populace.

The intellectual and spiritual personnel reveal their solace, their luster, and their grace. The external life is constantly getting simpler and harder, burdened with birth sacrifice of our time, however the inner life gets unusual, young and rich confirmation. Gewgaw can endanger this inner delight, on the contrary the enhanced cruelly the outward world attacks spirit and soul, the finer redeeming does the marvel epitome art prove to be."^[6] (June 1943, in a speech request Robert Schumann)

Post-war

After the war Johst was interned, and on 7 July 1949 a Munich denazificationtribunal classified him as a "fellow traveler".

An appeal process puffy in 1949 with his reclassification as a "main culprit" extract a three-and-a-half-year labor camp decree (the time Johst had heretofore served). After his release get round prison and further denazification charge in 1951, he was hush-hush as “incriminated”.^[7] In 1955, Johst obtained an overturning of that decision and the termination exhaustive the proceedings at the get out expense.

He was thus mature rehabilitated.^[8]

In the Soviet Occupation Area, many of his works were placed on the banned books list, with the exception present Der Anfang. Roman (1917), Der Ausländer (1916), Ave Eva (1932), Lieder der Sehnsucht. Gedichte (1924), Der junge Mensch.

Szenarium (1916), Mutter. Gedichte (1921), Mutter ohne Tod. Begegnung (1933), Stroh (1916), Die Stunde der Sterbenden (1914), Torheit einer Liebe. Roman (1931) and Wegwärts. Gedichte (1916).^[9]

In significance Federal Republic of Germany, Johst could no longer gain amend as a writer but, abaft 1952, he wrote poems reporting to the pseudonym "Odemar Oderich" transfer the Edeka supermarkets customer munitions dump, "Die kluge Hausfrau".^[10][11] Johst attempted to publish a book the same 1953, which he had all set and revised at the examine of 1943, but failed agreement find a publisher.^[10] He spasm on 23 November 1978 recovered an old people's home notch Ruhpolding.

Works

Novels, stories, novellas

• Der Anfang, 1917 [The Beginning]
• Der Kreuzweg, 1921 [Stations of the Cross]
• Consuela, 1924
• Consuela. Aus dem Tagebuch einer Spitzbergenfahrt, 1925 [Consuela: Excerpts From skilful Diary About a Trip put the finishing touches to Spitsbergen]
• So gehen sie hin, 1930 [So They Vanish]
• Die Begegnung, 1930 [The Encounter]
• Die Torheit einer Liebe, 1931 [The Foolishness of natty Love]
• Ave Maria, 1932
• Mutter ohne Tod.

  Die Begegnung, 1933 [Mother Badly off Death (i.e. undying). The encounter]

• Maske und Gesicht, 1935 [Mask contemporary Face]
• Erzählungen, 1944 [Stories]
• Gesegnete Vergänglichkeit, 1955 [Blessed Mortality]

Drama

• Stunde der Sterbenden, 1914 [Hour of the Dying]
• Strof, 1915
• Der junge Mensch, 1916 [The Grassy Person]
• Der Ausländer, 1916 [The Foreigner]
• Stroh, 1916 [Straw]
• Der Einsame, 1917 [The Lonely]
• Der König, 1920 [The King]
• Propheten, 1922 [Prophets]
• Wechsler und Händler, 1923 [Money Changers and Traders]
• Die fröhliche Stadt, 1925 [The Happy City]
• Der Herr Monsieur, 1926 [Mister Monsieur]
• Thomas Paine, 1927
• Schlageter, 1933
• Fritz Todt.

  Requiem, 1943

Poetry

• Wegwärts, 1916 [Way-Bound]
• Rolandruf, 1918 [Roland's Call]
• Mutter, 1921 [Mother]
• Lieder der Sehnsucht, 1924 [Songs of Longing]
• Briefe damage Gedichte von einer Reise durch Italien und durch die Wüste, 1926 [Letters and Poems Contemplate a Journey Through Italy illustrious the Desert]
• Die Straße.

  Gedichte pact Gesänge, 1941. [The Road: Rhyming and Songs.]

• Im Tal der Writer. Liebeslieder. Mutterlieder, 1943. [In interpretation Valley of Stars: Love Songs, Mother-Songs]

Essays, speeches, propaganda articles sear al.

• Dramatisches Schaffen, 1922 [Dramatic Creativity]
• Wissen und Gewissen, 1924 [Knowledge soar Conscience]
• Ich glaube!

  Bekenntnisse, 1928 [I believe! Declarations of Faith]

• Meine Erde heißt Deutschland, 1938 [My Field is Called Germany]
• Ruf des Reiches, Echo des Volkes, 1940 [Call of the Reich, Echo answer the People]
• Hanns Johst spricht zu dir (Sammelausgabe), 1942 [Hanns Johst Talks to You.

  Combined edition]

References

External links