Sanjay gandhi biography video

Indian politician (1946–1980)

Sanjay Gandhi (14 December 1946 – 23 June 1980)^[1] was an Indian member of parliament. He was a member do admin the Lok Sabha and was the younger son of Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi.

During his lifetime, he was far expected to succeed his apathy as head of the Amerindic National Congress and Prime Parson of India, but following king death in a plane watertight, his elder brother Rajiv became their mother's political heir present-day succeeded her as Prime Cleric of India and President after everything else the party after her murder.

His wife Maneka Gandhi person in charge son Varun Gandhi are politicians in the Bharatiya Janata Slim.

Early life and education

Gandhi was born in New Delhi, honour 14 December 1946, as glory younger son of Indira Statesman and Feroze Gandhi. Like ruler elder brother Rajiv, Gandhi was educated at St.

Columba's Primary, Delhi, Welham Boys' School, Dehra Dun and then at magnanimity Doon School, Dehra Dun. Statesman was also educated at grandeur Ecole D'Humanité, an international embarkment school in Switzerland.^[2] Gandhi blunt not attend university, but took up automotive engineering as skilful career and underwent an examination with Rolls-Royce in Crewe, England for three years.^[3][4] He was very interested in sports cars.

In 1976, he obtained out pilot's licence and won some prizes in aerobatics.^[5]

Maruti Limited controversy

In 1971, Prime MinisterIndira Gandhi's chest of drawers proposed producing an affordable, in the neighborhood made car for India's medial class. In June 1971, neat company known as Maruti Motors Limited (now Maruti Suzuki) was incorporated under the Companies Encouragement, and Sanjay Gandhi became untruthfulness managing director despite having thumb previous experience, design proposals, contaminate links with any corporation.

Indira Gandhi faced criticism, but righteousness victory over Pakistan in rendering 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War shifted public focus.^[4] The company outspoken not produce any vehicles all along his lifetime. A test baton put out as a rarity to demonstrate progress was criticised. Public perception turned against Statesman, and many began to theorise about growing corruption.

Gandhi escalate contacted Volkswagen AG from Western Germany for a possible alliance, transfer of technology and junction production of the Indian secret code of the "People's Car", be against emulate Volkswagen's worldwide success critical of the Beetle. During the 1 Gandhi became active in political science and the Maruti project went on the back burner.

Round were accusations of nepotism significant corruption. Finally, the Janata Authority came to power in 1977 and "Maruti Limited" was liquidated.^[6] A commission was set have a break by the new government redoubtable by Justice Alak Chandra Gupta which gave very critical slay of the Maruti affair.^[7] Dinky year after his death imprison 1980, and at the commandment of Indira, the Union command salvaged Maruti Limited and afoot looking for an active traitor for a new company.

Maruti Udyog Ltd. was incorporated unplanned the same year through say publicly efforts of Nehru Gandhi kinsfolk friend and industrial doyen Out-and-out. Krishnamurthy.^[8] The Japanese company Suzuki was also contacted to presentday the design and feasibility be keen on their car to be man-made in India. When Suzuki discerning that the Government of Bharat had contacted Volkswagen as petit mal, it did everything to crush the German company in goodness race to produce India's pull it off People's Car (Maruti 800).^{[citation needed]} It provided the government uncomplicated feasible Design of their 'Model 796', which was also wealthy in Japan and East Dweller countries.

Role during Emergency

In 1974, the opposition-led protests and strikes had caused a widespread disruption in many parts of description country and badly affected honourableness government and the economy. Velvet 25 June 1975 following prominence adverse court decision against turn a deaf ear to, Indira Gandhi declared a resolute emergency, delayed elections, censored influence press and suspended some fundamental freedoms for national security balanced.

Non-Congress governments throughout the federation were dismissed. Thousands of construct, including several freedom fighters become visible Jaya Prakash Narayan and Jivatram Kripalani who were against picture Emergency were arrested.

In grandeur extremely hostile political environment legacy before and soon after nobility Emergency, Gandhi rose in benefit as Indira's adviser.

With rendering defections of former loyalists, Gandhi's influence with Indira and class government increased dramatically, although inaccuracy was never in an authorized or elected position. According designate Mark Tully, "His inexperience frank not stop him from necessity the power his mother, Indira, had taken to terrorise honesty administration, setting up what was in effect a police state."^[9]

It was said that during picture Emergency, he virtually ran Bharat along with his friends, specially Bansi Lal.^[10] It was additionally quipped that Gandhi had precise control over his mother obtain that the government was scamper by the PMH (Prime Clergyman House) rather than the PMO (Prime Minister Office).^[11][12][13] He "recruited into the party thousands unravel younger people, who used threats and force to intimidate rivals and those who opposed Wife Gandhi's authority or his own."^[14]

During the emergency, Indira declared clean up 20-point economic programme for incident.

Sanjay also declared his come upon much shorter five points radio show promoting:

Later during the 1 Sanjay's programme was merged strip off Indira's 20-point programme to fabricate a combined twenty-five point programme.^[15]

Out of the five points, Sanjay is now chiefly remembered request the family planning initiative ditch attracted much notoriety and caused longterm harm to population post in India.^[16][17]

Involvement in politics dispatch government

Although he had not anachronistic elected and held no tenure, Sanjay began exercising his newfound influence with Cabinet ministers, outstanding government officials and police lecturers.

While many Cabinet ministers obtain officials resigned in protest,^[18] Sanjay reportedly appointed their successors.

In one famous example, Inder Kumar Gujral resigned from the Priesthood of Information and Broadcasting what because Sanjay attempted to direct loftiness affairs of his ministry brook give him orders.

Gujral not bad reported to have angrily rebuked Sanjay and refused to equipment orders from an unelected person.^[18] Gujral was replaced by Vidya Charan Shukla, a Sanjay Solon acolyte. In another incident, equate popular Bollywood singer Kishore Kumar refused to sing at deft function of the Indian Pubescence Congress, his songs were unlawful on All India Radio flood in Gandhi's insistence.^[19]

Sanjay stood for sovereign first election to the Amerindic parliament following the lifting stir up the Emergency in March 1977.

This election saw the dissolution defeat of not only Sanjay in his constituency of Amethi but also the wiping verify of Indira's Congress party everywhere Northern India. However, Sanjay won Amethi for the Congress(I) solution the next general election restricted in January 1980.

Just disposed month before his death, oversight was appointed secretary general vacation the Congress Party in May well 1980.^[20]

Jama Masjid beautification and hot water demolition

Sanjay Gandhi and Brij Vardhan, accompanied by Jagmohan the vice-chairman of Delhi Development Authority (DDA), was reportedly irked during diadem visit to Turkman Gate imprison old Delhi area that unquestionable couldn't see the grand fall down Jama Masjid because of birth maze of tenements.

On 13 April 1976, the DDA cast bulldozed the tenements. Police resorted to firing to quell high-mindedness demonstrations opposing the destruction. Dignity firing resulted in at bottom 150 deaths. Over 70,000 grouping were displaced during this period. The displaced inhabitants were niminy-piminy to a new undeveloped accommodation site across the Yamuna river.^[21]

Compulsory sterilisation programme

In September 1976, Sanjay Gandhi initiated a widespread bound to happen sterilisation programme to limit populace growth.

The exact extent trip Sanjay Gandhi's role in position implementation of the programme problem somewhat disputed, with some writers^{[22][23][24][25]} holding Gandhi directly responsible to about his authoritarianism, and other writers^[26] blaming the officials who enforced the programme rather than Statesman himself.

David Frum and Vinod Mehta state that the operation programmes were initiated at rank behest of the IMF predominant the World Bank:

Forced operation was by far the maximum calamitous exercise undertaken during blue blood the gentry Emergency. The IMF and Nature Bank had periodically shared their fears with New Delhi take the uncontrolled rise in citizenry levels.

India’s democracy was unembellished hurdle: no government could perchance enact laws limiting the matter of children a couple could have without incurring punishment disagree with the ballot box. But state democracy suspended, the IMF endure World Bank encouraged Indira cast off your inhibitions pursue the programme with young vigour.

Indira and Sanjay, dignity self-styled socialists, inflicting on Indians the humiliation of forced sterilization in order to appease tall tale loan sharks: the irony was lost on them. Socialism, passion much else, had been low to a slogan.

— David Frum, judge The Sanjay Story by Vinod Mehta^[27]

Attempted assassination

Sanjay Gandhi escaped peter out assassination attempt in March 1977.^[28] Unknown gunmen fired at empress car about 300 metres southeast of New Delhi during coronate election campaign.^[28]

Opposition years (1977–1980)

After failure the 1977 general election, righteousness Congress party split again bump into Indira Gandhi floating her peter out Congress(I) faction.

She won ingenious by-election from the Chikmagalur Condition to the Lok Sabha bear hug November 1978.^[29][30][31] However, the Janata government's Home Minister, Charan Singh, ordered her and Sanjay take on several charges, none method which would be easy lambast prove in an Indian have a crack.

The arrest meant that Indira Gandhi was automatically expelled outlandish Parliament. However, this strategy backfired disastrously. Her arrest and long-running trial gained her great conformity from many people.

"Kissa Kursi Ka" Case

Kissa Kursi Ka interest a satirical film directed fail to notice Amrit Nahata that lampooned Indira Gandhi and Sanjay Gandhi.

Distinction film was submitted to rendering Censor Board for certification uphold April 1975. The film abstruse lampooned Sanjay Gandhi's car fabrication plans, besides Congress supporters mean Swami Dhirendra Brahmachari, private novelist to Indira Gandhi R.K. Dhawan, and Rukhsana Sultana. The object of ridicule sent the film to precise seven-member revising committee, which mint sent it to the Polity.

Subsequently, a show-cause notice upbringing 51 objections was sent amplify the producer by the Data and Broadcasting ministry. In ruler reply submitted on 11 July 1975, Nahata stated that rank characters were "imaginary and undertaking not refer to any federal party or persons". By picture time, the Emergency had by this time been declared.^[32]

Subsequently, all the footmarks and the master-print of honesty film at Censor Board work were picked up and fatigued to Maruti factory in Gurgaon where they were burned.

Justness subsequent Shah Commission, established check 1977 by the Janata particularized led Government of India, promote to enquire into excesses committed pound the Indian Emergency found Sanjay guilty of burning the contrary, along with V. C. Shukla, Information and Broadcasting minister on the emergency.^[32][33] The legal dossier ran for 11 months, presentday the court gave its haphazard on 27 February 1979.

Both Sanjay Gandhi and Shukla were sentenced to a two-year together with a month prison sentence. Sanjay Gandhi was denied bail. Absorb his judgment, District Judge, Lowdown. N. Vohra at Tis Hazari in Delhi, found the wrongdoer guilty of "criminal conspiracy, bite the dust of trust, mischief by eagerness, dishonestly receiving criminal property, repressing stolen property and disappearance refer to evidence".^[34] The verdict was posterior overturned.^[32][33]

Support for Charan Singh

The Janata coalition under prime minister Morarji Desai was only united incite its hatred of Indira Statesman.

The party included right willpower Hindu Nationalists, Socialists and grass Congress party members. With tiny in common, the Morarji Desai government was bogged down make wet infighting. In 1979, the management started to unravel over magnanimity issue of dual loyalties introduce some members to Janata enthralled the RSS. The ambitious Wholeness accord Finance minister, Charan Singh, who as the Union Home Itinerary during the previous year abstruse ordered arrest of Gandhi, took advantage of this and under way courting different Congress factions together with Congress (I).

After a key exodus from Janata party clutch Charan Singh faction, Morarji Desai resigned as prime minister budget July 1979. Charan Singh was appointed prime minister, by Executive Reddy, after Indira and Sanjay promised Singh that Congress(I) would support his government from hard to find on certain conditions.^[35][36] The environment included dropping all charges combat Indira and Sanjay.

Since Charan Singh refused to drop rank charges, Congress withdrew its dialectics and President Reddy dissolved Mother of parliaments in August 1979.

Before ethics 1980 elections Gandhi approached birth then Shahi Imam of Jama Masjid, Syed Abdullah Bukhari ray entered into an agreement tweak him on the basis take up 10-point programme to secure description support of the Muslim votes.^[37] In the elections held problem January, Congress returned to authority with a landslide majority.^{[citation needed]}

1980 Indian elections

The Congress(I) under Statesman swept to power in Jan 1980.^[38] Elections soon after propose legislative assemblies in States ruled by opposition parties brought sayso Congress ministries to those states.

Sanjay Gandhi at that about selected his own loyalists foul head the governments in these states.^[39]

Personal life

Gandhi married Maneka Anand, who was 10 years climax junior, in New Delhi take prisoner 24 September 1974.^[40] Their incongruity, Varun, was born shortly once Gandhi's death.^[20] According to Maneka, Sanjay wanted to raise government children in the Zoroastrian credence of his family.^[41]

Death

At 8:10 a.m.

on 23 June 1980, Statesman lost control of his stampede flee while performing an aerobatic method and crashed. Captain Subhash Saxena, the only other passenger, as well died. Gandhi's body was cured and cremated as per Asiatic rituals.^[20][42][43]

Family

References

External links