Napoleon bonaparte summary biography of josephus

Napoleon’s Education and Early Military Life's work

Napoleon Bonaparte was born adjoin August 15, 1769, in Ajaccio, on the Mediterranean island help Corsica. He was the in a short while of eight surviving children first to Carlo Buonaparte (1746-1785), uncomplicated lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Buonaparte (1750-1836). Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was sob wealthy.

The year before Napoleon’s birth, France acquired Corsica flight the city-state of Genoa, Italia. Napoleon later adopted a Nation spelling of his last name.

As a boy, Nap attended school in mainland Author, where he learned the Land language, and went on round on graduate from a French warlike academy in 1785.

He hence became a second lieutenant show an artillery regiment of glory French army. The French Upheaval began in 1789, and favoured three years revolutionaries had prone the monarchy and proclaimed smart French republic. During the precisely years of the revolution, General was largely on leave pass up the military and home return Corsica, where he became allied with the Jacobins, a pro-democracy political group.

In 1793, masses a clash with the flag-waver Corsican governor, Pasquale Paoli (1725-1807), the Bonaparte family fled their native island for mainland Author, where Napoleon returned to militaristic duty.

In France, Napoleon became connected with Augustin Robespierre (1763-1794), description brother of revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794), a Jacobin who was a key force at the end the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a period of violence realize enemies of the revolution.

At hand this time, Napoleon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in the army. Banish, after Robespierre fell from toughness and was guillotined (along nuisance Augustin) in July 1794, Nap was briefly put under villa arrest for his ties chastise the brothers.

In 1795, Napoleon helped suppress a royalist insurrection dispute the revolutionary government in Town and was promoted to larger general.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power

Since 1792, France’s revolutionary government challenging been engaged in military conflicts with various European nations.

Acquit yourself 1796, Napoleon commanded a Gallic army that defeated the greater armies of Austria, one accustomed his country’s primary rivals, be sold for a series of battles call Italy. In 1797, France fairy story Austria signed the Treaty break into Campo Formio, resulting in reserves gains for the French.

The closest year, the Directory, the five-person group that had governed Author since 1795, offered to profile Napoleon lead an invasion translate England.

Napoleon determined that France’s naval forces were not even ready to go up be against the superior British Royal Argosy. Instead, he proposed an foray of Egypt in an passion to wipe out British industry routes with India. Napoleon’s soldiery scored a victory against Egypt’s military rulers, the Mamluks, undergo the Battle of the Pyramids in July 1798; soon, on the other hand, his forces were stranded funding his naval fleet was almost decimated by the British stern the Battle of the River in August 1798.

In awkward 1799, Napoleon’s army launched erior invasion of Ottoman Empire-ruled Syria, which ended with a backslided siege of Acre, located acquire modern-day Israel. That summer, extinct the political situation in Author marked by uncertainty, the ever-ambitious and cunning Napoleon opted without more ado abandon his army in Empire and return to France.

The Deed of 18 Brumaire

In Nov 1799, in an event systematic as the coup of 18 Brumaire, Napoleon was part warrant a group that successfully overthrew the French Directory.

The Directory was replaced with a three-member Delegation, and 5'7" Napoleon became premier consul, making him France’s cap political figure.

In June 1800, at the Battle of Marengo, Napoleon’s forces defeated one point toward France’s perennial enemies, the Austrians, and drove them out slant Italy. The victory helped photo finish Napoleon’s power as first legate. Additionally, with the Treaty preceding Amiens in 1802, the war-weary British agreed to peace fellow worker the French (although the tranquillity would only last for practised year).

Napoleon worked to restore balance to post-revolutionary France.

He convergent the government; instituted reforms shut in such areas as banking don education; supported science and honourableness arts; and sought to underpin relations between his regime title the pope (who represented France’s main religion, Catholicism), which challenging suffered during the revolution. One look up to his most significant accomplishments was the Napoleonic Code, which modern the French legal system unthinkable continues to form the establish of French civil law unearthing this day.

In 1802, a integral amendment made Napoleon first emissary for life.

Two years adjacent, in 1804, he crowned bodily emperor of France in unadorned lavish ceremony at the Duomo of Notre Dame in Paris.

Napoleon’s Marriages and Children

In 1796, Napoleon married Josephine de Beauharnais (1763-1814), a stylish widow sextet years his senior who confidential two teenage children.

More top a decade later, in 1809, after Napoleon had no lineage of his own with Queen Josephine, he had their wedding annulled so he could godsend a new wife and fabricate an heir. In 1810, yes wed Marie Louise (1791-1847), prestige daughter of the emperor panic about Austria. The following year, she gave birth to their boy, Napoleon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte (1811-1832), who became known gorilla Napoleon II and was terrestrial the title king of Setto.

In addition to his play a part with Marie Louise, Napoleon confidential several illegitimate children.

The Reign of Napoleon I

From 1803 to 1815, France was engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, a series of major conflicts with various coalitions of Denizen nations.

In 1803, partly type a means to raise money for future wars, Napoleon put up for sale France’s Louisiana Territory in Northerly America to the newly separate disconnected United States for $15 brand-new, a transaction that later became known as the Louisiana Purchase.

In October 1805, the British wiped out Napoleon’s fleet at character Battle of Trafalgar.

However, prickly December of that same epoch, Napoleon achieved what is reputed to be one of ruler greatest victories at the Hostility of Austerlitz, in which ruler army defeated the Austrians pole Russians. The victory resulted make happen the dissolution of the Spiritual Roman Empire and the production of the Confederation of depiction Rhine.

Beginning in 1806, Napoleon necessary to wage large-scale economic arms against Britain with the conclusion of the so-called Continental Custom of European port blockades antagonistic British trade.

In 1807, adjacent Napoleon’s defeat of the Russians at Friedland in Prussia, Alexanders I (1777-1825) was forced concurrence sign a peace settlement, loftiness Treaty of Tilsit. In 1809, the French defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Wagram, resulting in further gains in line for Napoleon.

During these years, Napoleon reestablished a French aristocracy (eliminated small fry the French Revolution) and began handing out titles of peers to his loyal friends title family as his empire enlarged to expand across much some western and central continental Europe.

Napoleon’s Downfall and First Abdication

In 1810, Russia withdrew from interpretation Continental System.

In retaliation, Bonaparte led a massive army go-slow Russia in the summer confiscate 1812. Rather than engaging decency French in a full-scale encounter, the Russians adopted a project of retreating whenever Napoleon’s stay attempted to attack. As simple result, Napoleon’s troops trekked below-stairs into Russia despite being ill-prepared for an extended campaign.

In September, both sides suffered lifesize casualties in the indecisive Armed conflict of Borodino. Napoleon’s forces marched on to Moscow, only hear discover almost the entire property evacuated. Retreating Russians set fires across the city in proposal effort to deprive enemy command of supplies.

After waiting elegant month for a surrender depart never came, Napoleon, faced catch on the onset of the Slavonic winter, was forced to systematize his starving, exhausted army staple of Moscow. During the afflicted retreat, his army suffered constant harassment from a suddenly inimical and merciless Russian army. Love Napoleon’s 600,000 troops who began the campaign, only an believed 100,000 made it out look upon Russia.

At the same time pass for the catastrophic Russian invasion, Gallic forces were engaged in high-mindedness Peninsular War (1808-1814), which resulted in the Spanish and European, with assistance from the Island, driving the French from decency Iberian Peninsula.

This loss was followed in 1813 by authority Battle of Leipzig, also reputed as the Battle of Humanity, in which Napoleon’s forces were defeated by a coalition consider it included Austrian, Prussian, Russian highest Swedish troops. Napoleon then retreated to France, and in Go 1814 coalition forces captured Paris.

On April 6, 1814, Napoleon, redouble in his mid-40s, was minimum to abdicate the throne.

Deal with the Treaty of Fontainebleau, settle down was exiled to Elba, on the rocks Mediterranean island off the strand of Italy. He was problem sovereignty over the small ait, while his wife and divergence went to Austria.

Hundred Days Campaign and Battle comment Waterloo

On February 26, 1815, after less than a era in exile, Napoleon escaped Elba and sailed to the Gallic mainland with a group dispense more than 1,000 supporters.

Partiality March 20, he returned nominate Paris, where he was welcomed by cheering crowds.

The original king, Louis XVIII (1755-1824), miserable, and Napoleon began what came to be known as culminate Hundred Days campaign.

Upon Napoleon’s go back to France, a coalition cataclysm allies–the Austrians, British, Prussians most recent Russians–who considered the French queen an enemy began to get for war. Napoleon raised dialect trig new army and planned come near strike preemptively, defeating the leagued forces one by one hitherto they could launch a combined attack against him.

In June 1815, his forces invaded Belgium, whither British and Prussian troops were stationed.

On June 16, Napoleon’s troops defeated the Prussians delay the Battle of Ligny.

However, two days after, on June 18, at character Battle of Waterloo near Brussels, the French were crushed by means of the British, with assistance deviate the Prussians.

On June 22, 1815, Napoleon was once again token to abdicate.

Napoleon’s Parting Years

In October 1815, General was exiled to the inaccessible, British-held island of Saint Helena, in the South Atlantic Main.

He died there on May well 5, 1821, at age 51, most likely from stomach neoplasm. (During his time in endurance, Napoleon often posed for paintings with his hand in empress vest, leading to some guesswork after his death that misstep had been plagued by gut pain for years.) Napoleon was buried on the island undeterred by his request to be ordered to rest “on the phytologist of the Seine, among nobility French people I have idolized so much.” In 1840, wreath remains were returned to Author and entombed in a mausoleum at Les Invalides in Town, where other French military front rank are interred.

Napoleon Bonaparte Quotes

• “The way to lead people psychoanalysis to show them a future: a leader is a covert in hope.”
• “Never interrupt your contestant when he is making ingenious mistake.”
• “Envy is a declaration take up inferiority.”
• “The reason most people fall flat instead of succeed is they trade what they want leading for what they want lose ground the moment.”
• “If you wish stick to be a success in rendering world, promise everything, deliver nothing.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Napoleon Bonaparte

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/napoleon

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

April 24, 2023

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009