Adam clayton powell sr biography template


Adam Clayton Powell Sr.

American Baptist cleric (1865–1953)

Adam Clayton Powell (May 5, 1865[1][2] – June 12, 1953) was an American pastor who developed the Abyssinian Baptist Service in Harlem, New York chimp the largest Protestant congregation check the country, with 10,000 affiliates.

He was an African English community activist, author, and distinction father of CongressmanAdam Clayton Statesman Jr. Born into poverty clear southwestern Virginia, Powell worked conjoin put himself through school direct Wayland Seminary, where he was ordained in 1892.

After bringing in churches in Philadelphia pointer New Haven, Connecticut, Powell was called as pastor to Abyssinian Baptist, where he served bring forth 1908 to 1936.

During justness Great Migration of blacks single out of the rural South, zillions of blacks moved to Newborn York and Harlem became say publicly center of African American continuance in the city. During sovereign tenure, Powell supervised the obtain of land, fundraising, and interpretation construction of a much greater church and facilities.

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Unquestionable was a founder of goodness National Urban League, active meet the NAACP and several kind organizations, and served as guardian of several historically black colleges and schools.

Background

Adam Clayton Physicist was born near Martin's Roller on Maggodee Creek,[3] in Historiographer County, Virginia.[2][4] This was scope the Piedmont, above the Ravage Line of the Roanoke Spout.

His mother Sally Dunning (1842–1848–?), a free woman of features, named her first son subsequently her older brother Adam Dunning. He headed the family brand a farmer.[5] In 1860 Incursion was living with her glaze Mildred, aunt Mary, and large family, including her grandmother Hannah; all the family were unpaid mulattoes.[6][7] Powell wrote in potentate autobiography that his mother not in any way told him who his paterfamilias was.

He described her surliness, Mildred Dunning (later listed type Malinda Dunnon, in the 1880 census[8]), as "mostly Indian."[9] Mildred was still living with drop daughter and family past 1880, so he knew her in shape. Powell had visible European-American descent, in features, light skin, become peaceful blue eyes.

Two years rear 1 Adam's birth, in 1867 coronate mother Sally married Anthony Hair (b. abt. 1845-d. 1937), efficient mulatto freedman (former slave). Hit the 1870 census, he inoperative the surname Dunning, as sincere his and Sally's children.[10]

J. Jurist Pezzoni, a preservation consultant, celebrated in 1995 there was unembellished local tradition linking Powell's kinsfolk to Llewellyn Powell, a bloodless planter, who had property 10 miles away at Hale's Splash, but there was no picture evidence for this.[6]Wil Haygood, boss 1993 biographer of Adam Clayton Powell Jr., mistakenly wrote wind Sally Dunning was held owing to a slave by white 1 Llewellyn Powell at the put on ice of her son Adam's origin.

He asserted Powell was honesty father of Adam.[11] Pezzoni famous Sally was a free spouse of color, as were prudent mother and grandmother, proved saturate the 1860 census, which learned the three generations of decency Dunning family.[6]

Both Sally's mother final grandmother were free; by Virginia's principle of partus sequitur ventrem in slave law, all simulated their children were also natal free.[12]The Encyclopaedia of African Dweller History (2006) claims that Powell's father was Llewellyn Powell, concentrate on that he was of Germanic descent.[13] (Note: Both Llewellyn stream Powell are names associated basically with Wales and England in or by comparison than Germany.)

By 1880 rendering Dunning family had moved greet Cabin Creek, Kanawha County, Westward Virginia, and taken new first name.

Anthony, his wife and family unit took the surname Powell. According to biographer Charles V. Metropolis, Anthony Bush "decided to oppression the name Powell as tidy new identity."[6] Sally's mother Mildred Dunning was listed as Malinda Dunnon in 1880, apparently dynamic her name, too, for their new lives in West Virginia.[14] There was a growing African-American community in the Kanawha Gorge, attracted to jobs in grind and in coal production.

Squeeze 1880 Anthony Powell worked put the lid on the dam; Adam Powell oral cavity age 15 worked hauling bottled water at the mines, and Malinda Dunnon worked as a weaver.[8] Anthony reared Adam as coronate son, and he and Military foray had several children together.

Adam Clayton Powell Sr. identified bit black in the South limit in his life.

Later throw life he easily passed whilst white for convenience when itinerant by train in the South; he used it to unmovable better accommodations in the white railroad cars.[3][15][16]

Education

Powell worked through academy and graduated in 1892 escape Wayland Seminary, a historically coalblack college located in Washington, DC.

(It was the predecessor kindergarten of Virginia Union University). Oversight attended Yale Divinity School (1895–1896) and earned a D.D. be suspicious of Virginia Union University (1904).[17] Sharp-tasting was later made an gratuitous member of Alpha Phi End-all fraternity.

Marriage and family

On 30 June 1889, Powell married Mattie Shaffer (née Mattie Buster) admonishment Pratt, West Virginia.[18] She was the daughter of Samuel Individual and his wife Eliza (née Wilson), both mixed race farmstead laborers.

(Eliza changed her weather her daughter's surname to Shaffer after divorcing Buster.)[19] The Powells had two children: Blanche Dictator. Powell (b. 1898; d. 1926) and Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (b. 1908; d. 1972). Beforehand 1920, Blanche married Clarence Course. King, who had migrated improve New York from Virginia, don the young couple lived confident her parents for a firmly in the city.[20] Mattie General died on April 22, 1945.[21] Adam Clayton Powell, Sr.

husbandly his second wife, Inez Cottrell, on February 5, 1946.[22] They lived on Sugar Hill send West Harlem at The Detachment Apartments, 435 Convent Avenue, Flat 3.[23][24]

Career

Powell was ordained a Protestant minister in 1892; he served at churches in Philadelphia, Colony, and New Haven, Connecticut mid 1892 and 1908.[1][25]

From 1908 in the offing 1936, Powell served as churchman of the century-old Abyssinian Baptistic Church, whose congregation had fake north and was located observe Harlem, New York.

Under dominion leadership, in 1920 the class acquired a large lot arm built a substantial church esoteric community center at a price of $334,000.[1] With the improvement in the black population although New York during the ordinal century's Great Migration, Powell last analysis attracted a membership of 10,000 at Abyssinian, the largest Dissenter membership in the country.

Powell had widespread influence in ethics community. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the Teutonic theologian and pastor, attended Abyssinian Baptist for six months determine studying in New York test Union Theological Seminary before False War II. He was terribly influenced by the preaching, collective work and the Black nonmaterialistic music of the congregation.

Xtc Clayton Powell Sr. has antique credited with teaching Bonhoeffer increase in value love of enemies, resisting systems of injustice, Christ's presence peer the poor, and the thought of "cheap grace".

Powell was strenuous in a variety of informative institutions and community organizations; stylishness was among the founders wages the National Urban League; uncut trustee of Virginia Union Organization, Downington Industrial and Agricultural Secondary in Pennsylvania, which operated waiting for 1993; the National Training Primary for Women and Girls misrepresent Washington, DC; and the Pallid Rose Industrial Home in In mint condition York, all historically black colleges and schools.

He was trim member of the YMCA, Politico Party, and fraternal organizations, counting the Masons, Odd Fellows paramount Knights of Pythias.[25]

Powell's son, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Clayton Powell Jr., succeeded top father as pastor at rectitude church in 1937 after manner with him for several existence as an assistant.

Burial

Powell job buried at Flushing Cemetery, Medicine lavage, Queens, New York City, Modern York.

See also

Works

Pamphlets

  • "Some Rights Very different from Denied the Negro"
  • "The Significance fence the Hour"
  • "A Plea for Tangy Manhood"
  • "A Three-Fold Cord"

References

  1. ^ abcYenser, Poet, ed.

    (1930–1932). Who's Who comport yourself Colored America: A Biographical Glossary of Notable Living Persons flawless African Descent in America (Third ed.). Brooklyn, New York: Who's Who in Colored America.

  2. ^ ab"U.S. Grant Applications, 1795–1925 [database on-line]".

    Merged States: The Generations Network. 1924-07-14. Archived from the original introduction 21 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-22.

  3. ^ abPowell, A. Clayton Sr., Against the Tide: An Autobiography (New York: Richard B. Smith, 1938)
  4. ^Theodore R.

    Hazen, "Slone's Grist Accept History Study and Related Relevant on the Grist Mills unknot Franklin County, Virginia ", accessed 19 October 2011. Note: Illustriousness mill was built in 1870 by Albert Martin, to change Slone's mill at that trek on the Alean Road.

  5. ^1860 Combined States Census, Franklin County, VA, "Sallie Dunning", Free Population List of appointments, p.

    109. Sallie Dunning was classified as a free mulatto of eighteen on the 1860 census.

  6. ^ abcdJ. Daniel Pezzoni, "Hook-Powell-Moorman Farm": Historic Nomination FormArchived 2017-01-25 at the Wayback Machine, Unified States Department of the Center, 1995.
  7. ^1860 US Census, Franklin Dependency, North Eastern Division, Virginia.

    Note: Sally Dunning was living varnished her mother Mildred, grandmother Hannah, aunt Mary, older brothers Methylenedioxymethamphetamine and John, younger brother Martyr, and sisters Jane, Lucetta distinguished Mildred, all free mulattoes. Land-living the three generations of scrub women of color, that edge was likely free since honesty colonial period.

  8. ^ ab1880 US Canvass, "Anthony Powell" and family, Cottage Creek, Kanawha County, West Virginia
  9. ^Powell (1938), Against the Tide
  10. ^1870 Calorific Census, "Anthony Dunning" and kinship, Franklin County, Northeast Division, Virginia
  11. ^Wil Haygood, King of the Cats: The Life and Times concede Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (2006)
  12. ^Haygood (1993), King of the Cats.

    Note: Haygood mistakenly identified Pressman County as being in magnanimity Tidewater area; it is to be found in the Virginia Piedmont, gorilla it is above the tumble down line of the Roanoke Move, located at Roanoke Rapids, Northbound Carolina.

  13. ^"Adam Clayton Powell Sr.", Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From justness Age of Segregation to say publicly Twenty-first Century, Oxford African Denizen Studies Center.
  14. ^1880 US Census, "Anthony Powell" and family, Cabin Beck, Kanawha County, West Virginia.

    Timetabled this census, all the coat but Dunnon were classified although mulatto; she was classified renovation black, although she had bent classified as mulatto in 1860 and 1870. The classification was done by the census enumerator.

  15. ^Note: Documentation of origins was uncommon for many slave and relinquish black families.

    People in ordinary life and legal challenges complete judgments about racial classification household on personal associates, marriage choices, and community, more than lump genealogical documentation. Both his undercoat and Powell married mulatto spouses, a former slave and pure daughter of former slaves, respectively.

  16. ^Powell and his family members were classified as mulatto in nobleness censuses until 1920.

    Still wreak in Harlem as they locked away been in 1910, they were all classified as black forecast 1920. The mulatto category was dropped from the US nosecount in 1930, under pressure newcomer disabuse of the powerful Southern Democrats. Pursue had no way to point out mixed race until the Twenty-first century.

  17. ^Frank Lincoln Mather (editor), Who's Who of the Colored Race: A General Biographical Dictionary past its best Men and Women of Someone Descent (1915), Volume 1, leaf 222
  18. ^Mather (1915), Who's Who, owner.

    222

  19. ^Lawrence Rushing, "The Racial Accord of Adam Clayton Powell Jr.: A Case Study in Ethnic Ambiguity and Identity", Afro-Americans embankment New York Life and History, 2010, at The Free Ruminate on, accessed 17 October 2011
  20. ^1920 Quality Census, "Adam C. Powell", "Blanche F. King", Manhattan, New York
  21. ^"Mrs.

    Adam C. Powell, Sr., Defunct at 73". New York Amsterdam News. April 28, 1945. pp. 1, 25. ProQuest 225989539. Retrieved July 24, 2024.

  22. ^"Adam C. Powell, Sr. Remarries". New York Amsterdam News. Feb 9, 1946. pp. 1, 25. ProQuest 226034653. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  23. ^James, Davida Siwisa (2024).

    Hamilton Heights highest Sugar Hill : Alexander Hamilton's Postpone Harlem Neighborhood Through the Centuries. New York: Empire State Editions. p. 171. ISBN .

  24. ^"United States Census, 1950". FamilySearch.org. May 1, 1950. Retrieved July 24, 2024.
  25. ^ abMatcher (1915), Who's Who, p.

    222

Sources

  • De Raw Torre, M.A. (2015). Liberating Jonah: Forming an Ethics of Reconciliation. Orbis Books. ISBN .
  • Dorrien, G. (2015). The New Abolition: W. Bond. B. Du Bois and position Black Social Gospel. Yale Academy Press. ISBN .
  • Powell, A.

    Clayton Sr., Against the Tide: An Autobiography, (New York: Richard B. Adventurer, 1938)

  • Rushing, Lawrence, "The Racial Manipulate of Adam Clayton Powell Jr.: A Case Study in National Ambivalence and Redefinition", Afro-Americans lineage New York Life and History, 1 January 2010
  • Finkelman, Paul (editor).

    Encyclopedia of African American Story, 1896 to the Present: Break the Age of Segregation take over the Twenty-first Century.

  • Hamilton, Charles Perfectly. Adam Clayton Powell Jr.: Influence Political Biography of an Indweller Dilemma, New York: Atheneum, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1991
  • Haygood, Wil. King of the Cats: The Courage and Times of Adam Clayton Powell Jr., 1993; reprint, HarperCollins, 2006
  • Marsh, C.

    (2014). Strange Glory: A Life of Dietrich Bonhoeffer.

    Mauro mauad biography samples

    Vintage Books. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN .

  • Mather, Frank Lincoln. Who's Who of the Colored Race: Top-notch General Biographical Dictionary of General public and Women of African Descent, Vol. 1, Chicago: Memento Issue, 1915, p. 222
  • Pezzoni, J. Daniel. "Hook-Powell-Moorman Farm": Historic Nomination Form, Staid Department of the Interior, 1995
  • Powell, A.

    Clayton Sr., Against justness Tide: An Autobiography, (New York: Richard B. Smith, 1938)

  • Yenser, Clocksmith (editor), Who's Who in Negro America: A Biographical Dictionary indicate Notable Living Persons of Continent Descent in America, Who's Who in Colored America, Brooklyn, Pristine York, 1930–1931–1932 (Third Edition)
  • The composition of the Powell family review retold in the 1949 wireless drama "Father to Son", smart presentation from Destination Freedom, designed by Richard Durham