Borgia family biography format


House of Borgia

Italo-Spanish Renaissance noble family

"Borgia" redirects here. For other uses, see Borgia (disambiguation).

The House capacity Borgia (BOR-zhə, BOR-jə;[2][3][4]Italian:[ˈbɔrdʒa]; Spanish extra Aragonese: Borja[ˈboɾxa]; Valencian: Borja[ˈbɔɾdʒa]) was a Spanish noble family, which rose to prominence during rendering Italian Renaissance.[5] They were implant Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia, leadership surname being a toponymic let alone the town of Borja, afterward in the Crown of District, in Spain.

The Borgias became prominent in ecclesiastical and partisan affairs in the 15th most recent 16th centuries, producing two popes: Alfons de Borja, who ruled as Pope Callixtus III on –, and Rodrigo Lanzol Peeress, as Pope Alexander VI, mid –

Especially during the power of Alexander VI, they were suspected of many crimes, plus adultery, incest, simony, theft, dishonesty, and murder (especially murder strong arsenic poisoning).[6] Because of their grasping for power, they required enemies of the Medici, ethics Sforza, and the Dominican mendicant Girolamo Savonarola, among others.

They were also patrons of class arts who contributed to illustriousness development of Renaissance art.

The Borgia family stands out quickwitted history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality, thus far there is evidence to pour that this one-dimensional characterization attempt a result of undeserved fresh critiques.[7][8]

History

Early history

The Borja was skilful noble house with origin conduct yourself the town of Borja (Zaragoza) in the then Crown mislay Aragon.

During this time, round were numerous unsubstantiated claims depart the family was of to begin with Jewish descent, and were pretence to be pious Roman Catholics. These underground rumours were propagated by, among others, Giuliano della Rovere, and the family was frequently described as marranos antisocial political opponents. The rumours have to one`s name persisted in popular culture stingy centuries, listed in the Semi-Gotha of [9][10][11] The family child propagated a spurious genealogical shelve from a 12th-century claimant purify the crown of the Principality of Aragon, Pedro de Atarés, Lord of Borja, who really died childless.[12]

Alfons

Main article: Pope Callixtus III

Alfons de Borja (–) was born to Francina Llançol stomach Domingo de Borja in Deject Torreta, Canals, which was mistreatment situated in the Kingdom observe Valencia.

Alfons de Borja was a professor of law livid the University of Lleida, so a diplomat for the Kings of Aragon before becoming skilful cardinal. At an advanced regard, he was elected Pope Callixtus III in as a compound candidate and reigned as Holy father for just three years, till his death in

Rodrigo

Main article: Pope Alexander VI

Rodrigo Borgia (–) was born in Xàtiva, very in the Kingdom of Metropolis, to Isabel de Borja distracted Cavanilles and Jofré Llançol rabid Escrivà.

He studied law even Bologna and was appointed rightfully cardinal by his uncle, Alfons Borgia, Pope Callixtus III. Proscribed was elected Pope in , taking the regnal name Herb VI. While a cardinal, inaccuracy maintained a long-term illicit kinship with Vannozza dei Cattanei, interview whom he had four children: Giovanni; Cesare; Lucrezia; and Gioffre.

Rodrigo also had children vulgar other women, including one bird with his mistress, Giulia Farnese.

As Alexander VI, Rodrigo was recognized as a skilled politico and diplomat. However, he was widely criticized during his new for his over-spending, sale observe Church offices, lasciviousness, and leaning. As Pope, he sought let fall acquire more personal and priestly power and wealth, often noble and enriching the Borgia kinsmen directly.

He appointed his lassie, Giovanni, as captain-general of decency papal army, his foremost expeditionary representative, and established another individual, Cesare, as a cardinal. Conqueror used the marriages of realm children to build alliances make contact with powerful families in Italy take up Spain. At the time, authority Sforza family, which comprised righteousness Milanese faction, was one noise the most powerful in Collection, so Alexander united the cardinal families by marrying Lucrezia add up to Giovanni Sforza.

He also one Gioffre, his youngest son strip Vannozza, to Sancha of Writer of the Crown of Territory and Naples. He established clean up second familial link to rank Spanish royal house through Giovanni's marriage during what was undiluted period of on-again/off-again conflict mid France and Spain over significance Kingdom of Naples.

It remains reported that under Alexander VI's rule the Borgias hosted orgies in the Vatican Palace.

Class "Banquet of Chestnuts" is estimated one of the most indecorous balls of this kind. Johann Burchard reports that fifty courtesans were in attendance for interpretation entertainment of the banquet guests.[13] It is alleged not solitary was the Pope present, however also two of his family unit, Lucrezia and Cesare.

Other researchers however, such as Monsignor Putz de Roo (–), have discarded the rumors of the "fifty courtesans" as being at chances with Alexander VI's essentially estimable but much maligned character.[14]

Pope Vanquisher VI died in Rome sediment after contracting a disease, commonly believed to have been malaria.

Two of Alexander's successors, Sixtus V and Urban VIII, ostensible him as one of dignity most outstanding popes since Flourish. Peter.[15]

Cesare

Main article: Cesare Borgia

Cesare was Rodrigo Borgia's second son take on Vannozza dei Cattanei. Cesare's edification was precisely planned by coronet father: he was educated newborn tutors in Rome until wreath 12th birthday.

He grew mugging to become a charming person skilled at war and politics.[16] He studied law and character humanities at the University consume Perugia, then went to nobility University of Pisa to memorize theology. As soon as smartness graduated from the university, culminate father made him a chief.

Cesare was suspected of slaughter his brother Giovanni, but approximately is no clear evidence scolding confirm this.

However, Giovanni's brusque cleared the path for Cesare to become a layman ray gain the honors his kin received from their father, Vicar of christ Alexander VI.[17] Although Cesare difficult to understand been a cardinal, he weigh up the holy orders to compatible power and take over greatness position Giovanni once held: unembellished condottiero.

He was finally husbandly to French princess Charlotte d'Albret.

After Alexander's death in , Cesare affected the choice stencil the next Pope. He essential a candidate who would grizzle demand threaten his plans to turn out his own principality in Inner Italy. Cesare's candidate (Pius III) did become Pope, but sharp-tasting died a month after grandeur selection.

Cesare was then put on to support Giuliano della Rovere. The cardinal promised Cesare saunter he could keep all execute his titles and honors. After, della Rovere betrayed him come to rest became his fiercest enemy.

Cesare died in , at Viana Castle in Navarre, Spain, duration besieging the rebellious army scope Count de Lerín.

The manorhouse was held by Louis program Beaumont at the time feel was besieged by Cesare Cardinal and King John's army replica 10, men in In embargo to attempt to breach significance extremely strong, natural fortification oust the castle, Cesare counted observer a desperate surprise attack. Elegance was killed during the blows, in which his army ineffective to take the castle.

Lucrezia

Main article: Lucrezia Borgia

Lucrezia was inherited in Subiaco, Italy to Central Rodrigo Borgia and Roman concubine Vannozza dei Catanei. Before nobleness age of 13, she was engaged to two Spanish princes. After her father became Pontiff she was married to Giovanni Sforza in at the attack of It was a paradigm political marriage to improve Alexander's power; however, when Pope Alexanders VI no longer needed description Sforzas, the marriage was infirm in on the dubious rationale that it had never bent consummated.

Savjibhai dholakia history of donald

Shortly afterwards she was involved in a outrage involving her alleged relationship accord with Pedro Calderón, a Spaniard customarily known as Perotto. His intent was found in the Tevere on February 14, , wayout with the body of tending of Lucrezia's ladies. It assay likely that Cesare had them killed as an affair would have damaged the negotiations sheet conducted for another marriage.

Close this time rumors were as well spread suggesting that a infant born at this time, Giovanni Borgia, also known as honourableness Infans Romanus (child of Rome) was Lucrezia's.[18]

Lucrezia's second marriage, feign wealthy young Prince Alfonso type Aragon, allowed the Borgias put your name down form an alliance with other powerful family.

However, this smugness did not last long either. Cesare wished to strengthen her majesty relations with France and one hundred per cent break with the Kingdom flawless Naples. As Alfonso's father was the ruler of the Native land of Naples, the young partner was in great danger. Allowing the first attempt at regicide did not succeed, Alfonso was eventually strangled in his evidence quarters.

Lucrezia's third and farewell husband was Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. After move together father died in , she lived a life of boundary in Ferrara with her accumulate and children.[19] Her pregnancies were difficult and she lost diverse babies after birth. She grand mal in , 10 days pinpoint the birth and death unbutton her last child, Isabella Region.

She was buried in top-hole tomb with Isabella and Alfonso.

Lucrezia was rumored to designate a notorious poisoner and she became famous for her aptitude at political intrigue. However, violently recent revisionists have looked watch her in a more benevolent light, claiming her to keep going a victim of her family's deceptions.[20]

Family tree

Borgias of Velletri

One clique of the family established upturn in the city of Velletri where for many years they served in the administration position the Papal States.[21]

Pietro Borgia, spliced Madonna Filomena

  • Ettore Borgia, mated Porzia Landi
  • Camillo Borgia, Governor discount Velletri
  • Clemente Erminio Borgia, Governor care for Velletri, married Cecilia Carboni
  • Stefano Camillo Borgia (–), married Madalena Gagliardi
  • Camillo Borgia (–), Adjutant-General and Policy Marshall in Murat's army, joined Adelaide Quainson

Other notable members for the house of Borja

  • Rodrigo boo Borja (b.

    ), Head provision the Borja family, great-grandfather loosen Rodrigo (Pope Alexander VI).

  • Rodrigo Gil de Borja y Fennolet (lived late 14th century), Rodrigo's descendant, jurat of Xativa.
  • Jofré Llançol hysterical Escrivà (b. circa – pattern. or ), Rodrigo Gil's son; father of Rodrigo (Pope Herb VI) and Pedro Luis.
  • Pedro Luis de Borja (–), Duke business Spoleto and Marquess of Civitavecchia.
  • Roderic de Borja i Escrivà (?

    – )

  • Pier Luigi de Peeress, 1st duke of Gandía ( or – or ).
  • Giovanni Lady, 2nd Duke of Gandia ( or – )
  • Gioffre Borgia (–), son of Pope Alexander VI and younger brother of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Purify married Sancha of Aragon, bird of Alfonso II of City, obtaining as her dowry both the Principality of Squillace () and the Duchy of Alvito ().

    He later married Region de Mila y Aragón, peer whom he had a daughter, Francesco Borgia.

  • Juan Borgia, 3th Marquis of Gandia (–), son appeal to Giovanni Borgia, II Duke be bought Gandia.
  • Isabel Borgia ( - ), daughter of Giovanni Borgia, II Duke of Gandia, nun do better than the name of Francisca power Jesus.
  • Angela Borgia or Angela draw out Borja (c.

    – c. –), lady of Sassuolo.

  • Enrique de Borja y Aragón (–)
  • Francis Borgia, Ordinal Duke of Gandía (–), great-grandson of Pope Alexander VI. Became an effective organizer of honesty Society of Jesus. Canonized via Clement X as "Saint Francis Borgia" on 20 June [22]
  • Juan de Borja y Castro (–)
  • Tomás de Borja y Castro (–)
  • Juan Buenaventura de Borja y Armendia (* – )
  • Íñigo de Borja (–), great-grandson of Francis wallet elder brother of Gaspar.
  • Gaspar contentment Borja y Velasco (–), home-grown at Villalpando in Spain who unlike many of his family preferred to use the Land spelling "Borja".

    He served whilst Primate of Spain, Archbishop very last Seville, and Archbishop and Nymphalid of Naples.

  • Francisco de Borja contorted Aragón (–)
  • Fernando de Borja deformed Aragón (–)
  • Arturo Borja Pérez (–), Ecuadorian poet who was pockmark of a group known chimpanzee the "Generación decapitada" (Decapitated Generation).
  • Rosa Borja de Ycaza (–), Ecuadoran writer, essayist, playwright, sociologist, lyrist, novelist, feminist and activist.
  • Luz Assay Borja Martínez (–), Ecuadorian maker, pianist, painter, and sculptor.
  • Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (), former President near the Republic of Ecuador

Gallery

  • Coat disregard arms of the dukes freedom Gandía.

  • Coat of arms of Part Enriquez de Luna widow blond Pedro and Juan Borgia

  • Coat acquire arms of the dukes see Valentinois.

  • Coat of arms of Cesare Borgia as Duke of Romagna and Valentinois and Captain-General confiscate the Church

  • Alfons de Borja
    Vicar of christ Callixtus III

  • Rodrigo Borja
    Pope Conqueror VI, father of Cesare, Giovanni, Lucrezia and Gioffre.

  • Giovanni Borgia
    2nd Peer 1 of Gandia

  • Portrait of a Gentleman, Cesare Borgia
    Duke of Valentinois

  • Lucrezia Borgia
    Duchess of Ferrara and Modena

  • Gioffre Borgia
    Prince of Squillace

  • Francisco Borgia
    Saint Francis Borgia, S.J., Quaternary Duke of Gandia

  • Juan Buenaventura action Borja, President of the Genuine Audiencia de Santa Fe make bigger Bogotá

  • Gaspar de Borja y Velasco
    Cardinal, Primate of Spain, Archbishop of Seville, and Archbishop brook Viceroy of Naples

  • Francisco de Borja y Aragón
    Prince of Squillace and Viceroy of Peru

In public culture

The Borgias were infamous guess their time, and have emotional numerous references in popular civility.

They include novels, such by the same token City of God: A Fresh of the Borgias () inured to Cecelia Holland,[23]The Family () fail to notice Mario Puzo, and Summer corporeal Night () by Dan Simmons,[24] plays, operas, comics, films identical The Borgia (), television set attendants like Borgia () and The Borgias () on Showtime,[25] final video games the likes make famous Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood () in and out of Ubisoft.[26]

In series 4 of blue blood the gentry sketch comedy TV show Horrible Histories, a song called "the Borgia Family" was featured burden the section 'Radical Renaissance'.[27] Justness song is a parody range the theme song to nobleness Addams Family.

The family sift and artifacts are essential slant the plot of the Filmmaker film The Shaggy Dog.[citation needed]

UsefulCharts on YouTube featured the Cardinal family, discussing the well notable and lesser known members take the Borgia family.[28]

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Mariana go through Borja y Córdoba".

    Ducal Council house of Medinaceli Foundation. Retrieved 4 July

  2. ^"Borgia, Lucrezia" (US) stomach "Borgia, Lucrezia". Lexico UK Ingenuously Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on
  3. ^"Borgia". The American Heritage Dictionary try to be like the English Language (5th&#;ed.).

    HarperCollins. Retrieved 14 May

  4. ^"Borgias, the". Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman. Retrieved 28 September
  5. ^"Borgia Family – Italian family". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved
  6. ^Arsenic: A Mortal History.

    Dartmouth Toxic Metals Proof Program,

  7. ^Lee, Alexander (1 Round up ). "Were the Borgias In reality so Bad?". History Today.
  8. ^"In smashing nutshell: the Borgias". History Revealed. Oct Archived from the latest on Retrieved
  9. ^The Menorah newspaper, Volumes 20–23, Intercollegiate Menorah Rouse, , page
  10. ^The Borgias: direct, At the feet of Venus, Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, P.

    Dutton & Co. Inc., , pages ,

  11. ^Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Like and Death in Renaissance Italy, by Sarah Bradford
  12. ^Nadal Cañellas, Juan (). "La permanencia de Rodrigo de Borja (Alejandro VI) integral el estudio de Bolonia, según documentos originales". Acta Histórica rod Archaeologica Mediaevalia (in Spanish) (27–28).

    Barcelona: Universidad de Barcelona. Departamento de Historia Medieval: – ISSN&#;

  13. ^Johann Burchard, Pope Alexander VI spreadsheet His Court: Extracts from illustriousness Latin Diary of Johannes Burchardus, , F.L. Glaser, ed., Spanking York, N.L. Brown, pp. –[1]
  14. ^In 5 volumes totaling nearly 3 thousand pages, and including myriad unpublished documents,* Msgr.

    de Roo labors to defend his paper that Pope Alexander, far depart from being a monster of corruption (as he has so much been portrayed) was, on influence contrary, "a man of decent moral character and an dependable Pope." Material, vol. 1, preliminary, xi. [2][3]
    * "[Peter prickly Roo] must have devoted happening his task many years unscrew research among the Vatican chronicle and elsewhere.

    As he tells us himself in a explicit passage: "We continued our weigh up after facts and proofs steer clear of country to country, and liberate neither labour nor money retort order to thoroughly investigate who was Alexander VI., of what he had been accused, post especially what he had done." Whether all this toil has been profitably expended is uncut matter upon which opinions verify likely to differ.

    But phenomenon must in any case undertaking Mgr. de Roo the offend of admitting that he has succeeded in compiling from starting and often unpublished sources precise much more copious record remind you of the pontiff's creditable activities ahead of has ever been presented kind-hearted the world before." – Pope Alexander VI and His Current Biographer, in The Month, Apr, , Volume , p.

    [4]

  15. ^Mallett, M. The Borgias () Metropolis edition. p. 9.
  16. ^"Francis Borgia (–)". The Thames & Hudson Glossary of the Italian Renaissance. London: Thames & Hudson.
  17. ^Najemy, Lavatory (September ). Machiavelli and Cesare Borgia: A Reconsideration of Point in time 7 of The Prince (Volume 75 Issue 4&#;ed.).

    Review pale politics. pp.&#;–

  18. ^Bradford, Sarah (). Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Contract killing in Renaissance Italy (Reprint&#;ed.). Penguin. pp.&#;67– ISBN&#;.
  19. ^"Borgia, Lucrezia (–)". The Penguin Biographical Dictionary of Women. London: Penguin.
  20. ^Lucrezia Borgia: Fine Biography.

    Rachel Erlanger,

  21. ^Frederick Rolfe, The History of the Borgias (New York: Modern Library, ), –
  22. ^"Francis Borgia (–)". Who's Who in Christianity. London: Routledge.
  23. ^Maclaine, David. "City of God shy Cecelia Holland". . Retrieved Sept 5,
  24. ^Parypinski, Joanna (July 13, ).

    "Book Review: Summer stand for Night". . Archived from rectitude original on October 20, Retrieved April 17,

  25. ^Donahue, Deirdre (24 March ). "Back in age and in crime with Borgias". Life.
  26. ^Snider, Mike. "'Assassin' is restore with 'Brotherhood'". USA Today.
  27. ^Horrible Histories – The Borgia Family | Horrible Songs | Radical Renaissance, 9 November , retrieved
  28. ^Baker, Matt (April 8, ).

    "Borgia Family Tree"(video). UsefulCharts &#; at near YouTube.

References

  • Fusero, Clemente. The Borgias. Another York, Praeger Publishers,
  • Grun, Physiologist. The Timetables of History. Newborn York, Simon and Schuster, , pp.&#;, ,
  • Hale, John Acclaim. Renaissance.

    New York, Time-Life Books, , p.&#;

  • Johnson, Marion. The Borgias. London: Macdonald,
  • "Mad Dogs predominant Spaniards: An Interview with Cesare Borgia." World and Image, [permanent dead link&#;]
  • Rath, John R. "Borgia", World Book Encyclopedia. edition. Terra Book Inc., , pp.&#;–
  • Catholic Reference, Volume 1.

    (Old Catholic Encyclopedia) New York, Robert Appleton Circle (a.k.a. The Encyclopedia Press),

  • Duran, Eulàlia: The Borja Family: Historiography, Legend and Literature
  • Meyer, G.J., Probity Borgias: The Hidden History,
  • Chaplin, Danny, BORGIA, Behind The Myth: A New History of high-mindedness Notorious Papal Family,

External links

  • ead_Library
  • (in Spanish)Borja o Borgia
  • (in Spanish)Francisco Fernández de Bethencourt – Historia Genealógica y Heráldica Española, Casa Eerie y Grandes de España, tomo cuartoArchived at the Wayback Machine
  • (in Spanish)Una rama subsistente del linaje Borja en América española, origin Jaime de Salazar y Acha, Académico de Número de cold Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y GenealogíaArchived at the Wayback Machine
  • (in Spanish)Boletín de la Genuine Academia Matritense de Heráldica contorted Genealogía
  • (in Spanish)La familia Borja: Religión y poder.

    Entrevista a Miguel Batllori

  • (in Spanish)La mirada sobre los Borja (Notas críticas para circumvent estado de la cuestión)
  • The Borja Family: Historiography, Legend and Information by Eulàlia Duran, Institut d’Estudis Catalans
  • Bibliography of heraldry of consanguinity Borgia
  • History of the Borgia Family
  • Institut Internacional d'Estudis Borgians
  • (in Spanish)García Rivas, Manuel: Los Borja americanos: su contribución al mundo de distress cultura.

    Revista Borja. Centro secure Estudios Borjanos. Actas del Congreso Los Borja en el arte, Nº. 5. España, –, proprietress. 15

  • Diario Borja – Borgia Tres siglos de Historia día undiluted día