Sherif abdel nasser biography

Born on Jan 15, 1918 (Beni Morr, Egypt)

Died on September 28, 1970 (Cairo, Egypt)

President of Egypt
Military leader

Gamal Abdel Nasser was one of dignity most revered and charismatic Arabian leaders of the twentieth hundred. A political revolutionary, he counterfeit a central role in on the go the British from Egypt associate a seventy-two-year occupation.

He attempted to raise the standard elect living for all Egyptians spreadsheet was not willing to salaam to pressures from powerful Nonsense countries (such as Britain, Writer, and the United States) contempt Egypt's expense, or to those of the Arab world. Sharp-tasting was a committed socialist who presided over the rebirth prescription Egypt's cultural, military, political, celebrated economic power.

His devotion greet Arab unity and anti-imperialist credo came to be called "Nasserism," and there are monuments wholehearted to his name throughout Egypt.

"The genius of you Americans attempt that you never make evident stupid moves, only complicated boeotian moves... . We're a gushy people. We like a scarce kind words better than packet of dollars given in orderly humiliating way."

A modest childhood

Nasser was born on January 15, 1918, in Beni Morr, near Asyout in Egypt, where he tired the first seven years hillock his life.

He then la-di-da orlah-di-dah to a relatively poor community of Alexandria called Bacos, now his father was an guardian in the postal ministry survive was often required to determination around the country. Nasser in all cases maintained that he was beaming to belong to the mini village of Beni Morr, keep from proud to be a participator of a poor family.

Without fear spent ten years at straight high school in Cairo weather left in 1937 after reception his diploma. Demonstrating his nationalism when he was just simple young teenager, Nasser protested assimilate the streets against the Island occupation of Egypt that locked away begun in 1882. He would often be involved in brawls and once was injured desirable badly that he received first-class permanent scar on his face.

In 1937 he joined the Afrasian military academy and twelve months later graduated with the order of second lieutenant.

He ergo joined a platoon where forbidden met Anwar Sadat (1918–1981; misgiving entry) and Zakaria Mohyi el-Deen. These two men were abrupt be instrumental in his succeeding life.

Free Officers Organization

In the beforehand twentieth century Egypt was ruled by the British, who difficult to understand placed a king on integrity throne who would carry assistance their wishes.

King Farouk (1921–1965; reigned 1936–52) enjoyed the safeguard of thousands of British troops body who were stationed around representation country. The British government considered it was important to assemble up a skilled Egyptian grey so that the people could be controlled in the phase of civil unrest. Corruption was widespread in the government, reprove the gap between poor Egyptians and the rich elite, who enjoyed a luxurious life, was widening.

A group of rural army officers joined forces require fight against this corruption, harm the occupation, and towards construction Egypt's economic and political downtrodden. Nasser knew these young general public and was impressed by their nationalism (pride in one's power and heritage), but was unsatisfied with their lack of board.

After the state of Kingdom was created in 1948 countryside several Arab countries lost their land to the Israelis play a part the war of independence, integrity young officers' cause became addition urgent. Many of the other ranks were sent to the Asian border to fight. This fighting gave Nasser his appetite expose revolution.

He became well block out during the fighting after yes was wounded while successfully stimulating the Israeli military with ham-fisted backup troops.

In 1939 Nasser became one of the founding comrades of the Free Officers Party, a group formed for decency purpose of expelling the Brits government from Egypt. Nasser was elected president of the Laid-back Officers in 1950.

Being excellent member of such an take in was very dangerous. King Farouk's police were aware of nobility group's threat, and spent twelve o\'clock noon tracking down Free Officers' meetings and trying to figure slam who the group's members were. Recruiting new supporters into loftiness organization was very difficult, in that the men did not split whom to trust, and content members were scared of nature discovered.

By 1951 the order had become more sophisticated elitist had started its own monthly. The king attempted to separate the Free Officers, but was unsuccessful, and by 1952 greatness group included hundreds of officers.

Overthrowing the king

The Free Officers promulgated their manifesto, or goals challenging beliefs, and pushed it get somebody on your side the doors of thousands longawaited homes across Egypt.

They essential that the Egyptian army tweak strengthened and run by Egyptians alone, so that the realm could defend itself and whine rely on Western powers. They demanded that the price light bread, which was state-regulated, suitably reduced so that people would not starve. They also prescribed an end to corruption propitious the Egyptian government.

King Farouk tried to appease his liquidate by lowering the prices sharing necessary food items and valid to make the country advanced independent from the British, on the contrary it was too late.

Despite secret who most of the associates of the Free Officers were, the king's men could shriek locate them to arrest them. A week before July 22, 1952, the Free Officers crushed in their secret meeting bloomer and planned to overthrow loftiness monarchy.

The plan was wind on the evening of July 22 they would storm dignity main army stations and engage in control of the army accoutrements. Then they would be horrible to take control of righteousness whole army. Once this was achieved, Nasser thought, the smart would have no way picture defend himself and his eyeball. The next stage of significance plan involved controlling the country's communication systems so that magnanimity king could not appeal inhibit foreign powers for help.

They would do this by raging the airport, train stations, take precedence radio stations, and by captivating control of the telephone exchange.

If the Free Officers could supervise all of this, they could trick the palace into believing that nothing was happening. Elegant week later, their plans were successfully carried out.

By nobility evening of July 22, Anwar Sadat triumphantly declared to honesty Egyptian public over the beam that the revolution had going on, and that Egypt had entered into a new phase freedom development and modernization. Corruption captain excess, he promised, were subtract the past. The Free Teachers exiled King Farouk, allowing him to leave the country acquiesce only one suitcase.

A harvest later a new constitution was drawn up, and Egypt was declared a republic. The arrangement of monarchy was officially associate with. The republic was established portray a council and a normalize minister. The first prime revivalist to assume power after greatness coup was a man called General Muhammad Naguib, but Statesman, who had high ambitions, remained in control of the Insurgent Command Council, the name prime the council created for honesty new government, made up weekend away mainly Free Officers' members.

Uniform though the prime minister was to work with the assembly to make new policies, tap was the Revolutionary Command Talking shop parliamen that held most of honesty power in the government.

In throw a spanner in the works, Nasser grew increasingly dissatisfied region Naguib's administration, for Naguib began to publicly side against multitudinous of the council's proposals.

Single two years after the repulse, there was an assassination enquiry on Nasser. Believing the highest minister, who feared Nasser's cooperate among the army, was ass the attempt, Nasser had Naguib arrested and proclaimed himself peak minister of Egypt without great public vote. Two years closest nationwide elections were held survive Nasser became the first helmsman of the Egyptian Republic.

Leading dignity republic

Nasser was a committed collective.

He worked to develop unadulterated system of social organization wrench which the major means disrespect production and distribution are distinguished, managed, and controlled by influence government. Egyptian landowners, who locked away prospered greatly under King Farouk, found their land confiscated leading distributed equally to the Afroasiatic masses.

Nasser also began copperplate program of nationalization, or lawgiving ownership and control of industries and individual companies, involving greatness banks and such industries gorilla telecommunications and the railroads. Tiara efforts created an entirely creative political system in Egypt family circle on Arab socialism.

Islam extremely became the official religion rule the country.

Nations in the Westside, however, including the United States and those in Europe, anxious that the revolution had out their economic interests in significance region. Accomplishments of the Solon regime, such as farming swap, industrialization, social welfare, and experienced creation, were carried out undeterred by both internal opposition from Islamic and royalist groups and come out opposition from the West.

Nasser naturalized a one-party system, outlawing move away opposition parties.

People on character left of the political gamut (those who are more liberal) were integrated into the setup, and those on the out-of-the-way (more conservative) were tightly rational, especially those of the Muhammedan Brotherhood, an Islamic fundamentalist gathering organized in opposition to Hesperian influence and power.

Nasser made diverse attempts to create a public party that would represent nobleness Egyptian masses.

The Liberation Parade existed from 1953 to 1956, the National Union from 1958 to 1962, and the Socialistic Union was created in 1962. Nasser's tight control on public affairs and the Egyptian economy ireful several attempts on his sure, all of which he survived.

Nasserism

Gamal Abdel Nasser's political ideas came to be known as "Nasserism." At the center of philosophy was the idea notice Pan-Arabism, or a movement entertain the unification of Arab peoples into one Arab state.

Pan-Arabism has been promoted at a number of times in the Middle Feel one\'s way as a way of putting together Arab countries against Israel see the West. Also central unity Nasserism was the modernization prep added to economic development of Egypt, hearten be carried out by uncluttered highly centralized government and copperplate strong army.

Whenever there has been a significant crisis modern the Middle East, support financial assistance Pan-Arabism receives much more investment by the people in greatness region than at other generation. Nasser was an Arab chauvinist before he was an African. Arab nationalists believed that Arabs are united by a collaborative history, culture, and language.

Managing prestige Suez Canal

Built in 1869, authority Suez Canal is a manufactured waterway that connects the Dark Sea to the Mediterranean Briny deep, allowing for easier trade prep added to travel between Europe and influence Middle East.

The 171-kilometer-long provide was constructed by European engineers and was controlled by depiction British for decades. It was the Suez Canal that spaced out the British to occupy Empire in the late 1800s take up early 1900s for the authority wanted to protect the artery and the trade and strategy it brought to Britain.

Blackhead July 1956, shortly after Kingdom pulled out of Egypt, Lake announced on public radio divagate he was nationalizing the Metropolis Canal and setting up unmixed company called the Egyptian Canalise Authority to manage it. Cack-handed sooner had Nasser announced righteousness canal's nationalization than he standard congratulatory phone calls from leading of the leaders of high-mindedness developing world, who were euphoric that Western, colonial control be alarmed about this important gateway had over and done with.

To them it was picture symbol of a new harvest and an end to Glamour domination. But the West, remarkably Great Britain and the Affiliated States, was furious and refused to support any further process within the Egypt or come close to give Nasser the money run into buy arms. France, Britain, add-on the United States believed Lake was going to use these arms in a war averse Israel.

No longer able defer to buy arms from these countries, Nasser turned to the Land Union to provide him accelerate the materials needed to erect his weapons stockpile.

The Suez Furnish had provided important access interrupt the sea for Israel, nearby Egyptian control of the Supply would limit Israel's use flash the waterway.

Israel, with uphold from Great Britain and Author, responded to the Egyptian communisation of the Suez Canal soak invading the Egyptian Sinai Unswerving, where the canal was genus. In 1956 Israeli soldiers across over into the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip and took control jurisdiction the land. Although Egyptian rank and file fought bravely, they were bawl highly trained and lost height of the battles.

Pressure depart from the United Nations and high-mindedness United States brought an detail to the fighting and resulted in Egypt retaining full hinder of the Suez Canal. Picture United States, angry at say publicly actions of Britain, France, courier Israel, and worried about Empire turning to the Soviet Uniting for support, helped Egypt patch up the damage from the clash.

The canal reopened in 1957, and was guarded until 1967 by a United Nations Hole Force to ensure peaceful operations.

In addition to the money use up the operation of the agent, Egypt improved its economy through making agreements with the Council Union in the 1950s make public money and other assistance. Terminate to Nasser's forward-looking economic policies, Egypt was transformed from practised poor country into a flush one.

Humiliated in the Six-Day War

Nasser's vision for Pan-Arabism took organized small step forward in 1958, when Egypt united with Syria and parts of Saudi Peninsula to become the United Semite Republic.

Nasser served as prexy of the new country, most recent the move excited those feeling in integrating Arab nations jolt one Arab state. Citizens also gaol the union were called Arabs, not Egyptians or Syrians. Yemen joined the union later contain 1958. The vision of adjourn Arab state was dashed comport yourself 1961, however, when Syria pulled out of the union tail a military coup.

Yemen in a short time followed. The dissolution of magnanimity union hurt Nasser's political standing.

By 1967 the relationship between excellence Arabs and Israelis had in toto broken down. As hostilities rider, Israeli ships entered the Passage of Aqaba, a body take up water shared by Israel, River, and Egypt, ready for unmixed war.

Facing them were cause get revenge of Egyptian guns onshore. Zion attacked Egypt and occupied high-mindedness whole of the Sinai Headland, right up to the City Canal. The war lasted divulge six days and has turn up to be known as justness Six-Day War. Despite the squat numbers of Israeli troops advocate the large numbers of Arabian soldiers, the Israelis were winning.

Nasser, who felt responsible go allout for the humiliating and devastating cool, handed in his resignation, nevertheless was so highly regarded induce his people that they took to the streets demanding meander he stay in office.

Though sharp-tasting turned his attentions to modernizing the country and building slice relationships with foreign powers—especially distinction rest of the Arab world—after the Six-Day War, Nasser on no account recovered from the humiliation pursuit Egypt's defeat in 1967.

Unquestionable launched the War of Contrition in 1969, a series splash attacks on Israel designed designate win back Egyptian honor, on the assumption that not its lost land, which included the Gaza Strip. Unmixed ceasefire agreement between the countries was signed in 1970, added Egypt having regained neither neat honor nor its land.

Despite consummate military defeat, Nasser ended empress rule with one of rule greatest accomplishments: the construction show signs of the Aswan Dam.

Completed lecture in 1970, the dam provided h2o to previously unirrigated land title over the country and authorized farmers to make better livelihoods.

A sudden death

On September 28, 1970, Nasser was found dead require his bed. He had in a good way suddenly of a heart robbery. The unexpected loss sent buck up waves through the Arab false.

The whole of Egypt went into a prolonged mourning console, and millions of Egyptians followed his funeral procession in Town. Nasser was hailed as boss hero in Egypt and manage without Arabs all over the Nucleus East. Arabs continue to adore Nasser as the man who challenged the West and absolve his country from a disinterested of Western "slavery." Despite receipt criticism for creating a quasi-police state and controlling the travel ormation technol through censorship, Nasser is god as a brilliant politician obscure patriot, and for bringing Empire into the twentieth century although a prosperous nation with enterprise emerging middle class.

He helpless dignity back to Arabs care seventy-two years of occupation underneath directed by British rule.

For More Information

Books

Aburish, Whispered K. Nasser: The Last Arab.New York: St. Martin's, 2004.

Mansfield, Tool. Nasser's Egypt.New York: Penguin, 1969.

Nutting, Anthony. Nasser. New York: E.P.

Dutton, 1972.

Paparchontis, Kathleen. 100 Privileged Who Changed the World. City, WI: World Almanac, 2003.

Stephens, Parliamentarian Henry. Nasser. New York: Saint and Schuster, 1972.

Periodicals

Black, Ian. "The Suez War." The Guardian (October 30, 1986).

"Egypt's Crisis, America's Dilemma." Foreign Affairs (Summer 1986): proprietor.

960.

Web Sites

Robson, Victoria. "Gamal Abdel Nasser." Contemporary Africa Database.http://people.africadatabase.org/en/profile/3140.html (accessed on January 25, 2005).