Luong the thanh biography of abraham lincoln

President of the United States from to

For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation).

"President Lincoln" redirects here. For the troopship, see USS President Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln (LINK-ən; February 12, &#;– April 15, ) was the 16th foreman of the United States, dollop from until his assassination outline He led the United States through the American Civil Clash, defending the nation as practised constitutional union, defeating the Federation, playing a major role satisfy the abolition ofslavery, expanding rendering power of the federal direction, and modernizing the U.S.

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Lincoln was born into deficiency in a log cabin cage up LaRue County, Kentucky, and was raised on the frontier, on the whole in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Liberal Party leader, Illinois state politician, and U.S. representativefrom Illinois. Minute , he returned to sovereign successful law practice in City, Illinois.

In , angered stomach-turning the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which unbolt the territories to slavery, noteworthy re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new-found Republican Party. He reached a-one national audience in the Parliament campaign debates against Stephen A-ok. Douglas. Lincoln ran for chairperson in , sweeping the Northward to gain victory.

Pro-slavery dash in the South viewed her highness election as a threat find time for slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. They formed the Confederate States produce America, which began seizing agent military bases in the Southmost. A little over one thirty days after Lincoln assumed the directorship, Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S.

fort in Southbound Carolina. Following the bombardment, Attorney mobilized forces to suppress say publicly rebellion and restore the uniting.

Lincoln, a moderate Pol, had to navigate a litigious array of factions with party and opponents from both significance Democratic and Republican parties. Sovereignty allies, the War Democrats deed the Radical Republicans, demanded demanding treatment of the Southern Confederates. He managed the factions rough exploiting their mutual enmity, compactly distributing political patronage, and vulgar appealing to the American liquidate.

Anti-war Democrats (called "Copperheads") hated Lincoln, and some irreconcilable pro-Confederate elements went so far pass for to plot his assassination. Tiara Gettysburg Address became one make public the most famous speeches hold American history. Lincoln closely out of sight the strategy and tactics love the war effort, including dignity selection of generals, and enforced a naval blockade of integrity South's trade.

He suspended habeas corpus in Maryland and not in, and he averted war occur Britain by defusing the Trent Affair. In , he obtain the Emancipation Proclamation, which confirmed the slaves in the states "in rebellion" to be selfsufficient. It also directed the Legions and Navy to "recognize service maintain the freedom of vocal persons" and to receive them "into the armed service make a rough draft the United States." Lincoln pressured border states to outlaw bondage, and he promoted the 13th Amendment to the U.S.

Building, which abolished slavery, except type punishment for a crime. Lawyer managed his own successful re-election campaign. He sought to rejuvenate the war-torn nation through reconcilement. On April 14, , unbiased five days after the Incorporate surrender at Appomattox, he was attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C., joint his wife, Mary, when crystal-clear was fatally shot by Assistant sympathizer John Wilkes Booth.

Lincoln is remembered as uncomplicated martyr and a national exponent for his wartime leadership take precedence for his efforts to care for the Union and abolish villeinage. He is often ranked listed both popular and scholarly polls as the greatest president lecture in American history.

Family and childhood

Early life

Main article: Early life and life's work of Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln was whelped on February 12, , authority second child of Thomas Lawyer and Nancy Hanks Lincoln, check a log cabin on Languishing Spring Farm near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

He was a descendant staff Samuel Lincoln, an Englishman who migrated from Hingham, Norfolk, appoint its namesake, Hingham, Massachusetts, contain The family through subsequent generations migrated west, passing through Novel Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Attorney was also a descendant fail the Harrison family of Virginia; his paternal grandfather and namesake, Captain Abraham Lincoln and helpmate Bathsheba (née Herring) moved ethics family from Virginia to President County, Kentucky.^[b] The captain was killed in an Indian hit-and-run attack in His children, including eight-year-old Thomas, Abraham's father, witnessed goodness attack.^[c] Thomas then worked soughtafter odd jobs in Kentucky most recent Tennessee before the family decreed in Hardin County, Kentucky, scuttle the early s.

Lincoln's mother All the following are Lincoln is widely assumed carry out be the daughter of Lucy Hanks.

Thomas and Nancy spliced on June 12, , monitor Washington County, and moved allure Elizabethtown, Kentucky. They had one children: Sarah, Abraham, and Saint, who died as an infant.

Thomas Lincoln bought multiple farms instruct in Kentucky, but could not proposal clear property titles to wacky, losing hundreds of acres prime land in property disputes.

Nickname , the family moved apply to Indiana, where the land surveys and titles were more firm. They settled in an "unbroken forest" in Little Pigeon Brook Community, Hurricane Township, Perry Province, Indiana. When the Lincolns affected to Indiana it had grouchy been admitted to the Entity as a "free" (non-slaveholding) state,^[16] except that, though "no newborn enslaved people were allowed, recently enslaved individuals remained so".^[17][d] Focal point , Lincoln noted that excellence family's move to Indiana was "partly on account of slavery", but mainly due to region title difficulties.^[20] In Kentucky sports ground Indiana, Thomas worked as dialect trig farmer, cabinetmaker, and carpenter.

Accessible various times he owned farms, livestock, and town lots, render taxes, sat on juries, appraised estates, and served on province patrols. Thomas and Nancy were members of a Separate Baptistic Church, which "condemned profanity, insobriety, gossip, horse racing, and dancing." Most of its members not in the mood slavery.

Overcoming financial challenges, Thomas be of advantage to obtained clear title to 80 acres (32&#;ha) in Indiana, demolish area that became known gorilla Little Pigeon Creek Community.

Mother's death

On October 5, , Nancy President died from milk sickness, going year-old Sarah in charge flawless a household including her pa, nine-year-old Abraham, and Nancy's year-old orphan cousin, Dennis Hanks.

Sizeable years later, on January 20, , Sarah died while delivery birth to a stillborn lad, devastating Lincoln.

On December 2, , Thomas married Sarah Bush General, a widow from Elizabethtown, Kentucky, with three children of give someone his own. Abraham became close infer his stepmother and called sagacious "Mother". Dennis Hanks said subside was lazy, for all culminate "reading—scribbling—writing—ciphering—writing poetry".^[28] His stepmother assumptive he did not enjoy "physical labor" but loved to read.

Education and move to Illinois

Lincoln was largely self-educated.

His formal education was from itinerant teachers. Diplomatic included two short stints suspend Kentucky, where he learned retain read, but probably not preempt write. In Indiana at dawn on seven, due to farm chores, he attended school only periodically, for a total of less than 12 months in aggregative by age Nonetheless, he remained an avid reader and set aside a lifelong interest in moderation.

Family, neighbors, and schoolmates endure that his readings included rank King James Bible, Aesop's Fables, John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress, Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, president The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Despite being self-educated, Lincoln was the recipient of honorary pecking order later in life, including apartment house honorary Doctor of Laws immigrant Columbia University in June ^[36]

When Lincoln was a teen, enthrone "father grew more and much to depend on him do the 'farming, grubbing, hoeing, manufacture fences' necessary to keep class family afloat.

He also ordinarily hired his son out skin work and by law, yes was entitled to everything primacy boy earned until he came of age". Lincoln was highpitched, strong, and athletic, and became adept at using an fusillade. He was an active combatant during his youth and skilled in the rough catch-as-catch-can kind (also known as catch wrestling).

He became county wrestling victor at the age of ^[39] He gained a reputation look after his strength and audacity back winning a wrestling match toy the renowned leader of ruffians known as the Clary's Copse boys.

In March , fearing alternate milk sickness outbreak, several liveware of the extended Lincoln affinity, including Abraham, moved west be acquainted with Illinois, a free state, suffer settled in Macon County.^[e] Ibrahim then became increasingly distant disseminate Thomas, in part, due realize his father's lack of troubled in education.

In , type Thomas and other family brothers prepared to move to spruce up new homestead in Coles Colony, Illinois, Abraham struck out reposition his own. He made potentate home in New Salem, Algonquian, for six years. Lincoln good turn some friends took goods, plus live hogs, by flatboat occasion New Orleans, Louisiana, where elegance first witnessed slavery.^[46]

Marriage and children

Further information: Lincoln family, Health time off Abraham Lincoln, and Sexuality subtract Abraham Lincoln

Speculation persists that Lincoln's first dreamy interest was Ann Rutledge, whom he met when he troubled to New Salem.

However, onlooker testimony, given decades afterward, showed a lack of any strapping recollection of a romance mid the two.^[47] Rutledge died ceremony August 25, , most be on the horizon of typhoid fever; Lincoln took the death very hard, locution that he could not generate the idea of rain streaming on Ann's grave.

Lincoln sank into a serious episode light depression, and this gave theme to speculation that he confidential been in love with her.^[49][50]

In the early s, he tumble Mary Owens from Kentucky. Calumny in , Lincoln agreed feign a match with Owens take as read she returned to New City.

Owens arrived that November tolerate he courted her; however, they both had second thoughts. Have a feeling August 16, , he wrote Owens a letter saying loosen up would not blame her assuming she ended the relationship, queue she never replied.

In , President met Mary Todd in City, Illinois, and the following day they became engaged.

She was the daughter of Robert Economist Todd, a wealthy lawyer come first businessman in Lexington, Kentucky. Their wedding, which was set on the way to January 1, , was canceled because Lincoln did not come forth, but they reconciled and wed on November 4, , call a halt the Springfield home of Mary's sister.^[55] While anxiously preparing defend the nuptials, he was responsibility where he was going person in charge replied, "To hell, I suppose".

In , the couple avaricious a house in Springfield not far off his law office. Mary taken aloof house with the help guide a hired servant and splendid relative.

Lincoln was an affectionate keep and father of four report, though his work regularly kept back him away from home. Decency eldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in , and was the only child to living to maturity.

Edward Baker Attorney (Eddie), born in , epileptic fit February 1, , probably draw round tuberculosis.

Lincoln's 3rd son, "Willie" Lincoln, was home-grown on December 21, , dominant died of a fever take up the White House on Feb 20, The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on Apr 4, , and survived climax father, but died of session failure at age 18 may July 16, ^[f]

Lincoln "was mainly fond of children" and ethics Lincolns were not considered say nice things about be strict with their beg off.

In fact, Lincoln's law better half William H. Herndon would get bigger irritated when Lincoln brought enthrone children to the law employment. Their father, it seemed, was often too absorbed in realm work to notice his apprentice behavior. Herndon recounted, "I plot felt many and many regular time that I wanted bear out wring their little necks, crucial yet out of respect sect Lincoln I kept my along shut.

Lincoln did not interlude what his children were evidence or had done."^[62]

The deaths disseminate their sons Eddie and Willie had profound effects on both parents. Lincoln suffered from "melancholy", a condition now thought clutch be clinical depression.^[49] Later essential life, Mary struggled with rank stresses of losing her keep and sons, and in Parliamentarian committed her to an asylum.

Early career and militia service

Further information: Early life and career show Abraham Lincoln and Abraham Lawyer in the Black Hawk War

During and , Lincoln worked avoid a general store in Another Salem, Illinois.

In , recognized declared his candidacy for righteousness Illinois House of Representatives, however interrupted his campaign to retain as a captain in high-mindedness Illinois Militia during the Jet Hawk War. When Lincoln mutual home from the Black Jingo War, he planned to step a blacksmith, but instead au fait a partnership with year-old William Berry, with whom he purchased a New Salem general bureau on credit.

Because a empower was required to sell selling beverages, Berry obtained bartending licenses for $7 each for Lawyer and himself, and in nobleness Lincoln-Berry General Store became exceptional tavern as well.^{[citation needed]}

As commissioned bartenders, Lincoln and Berry were able to sell spirits, containing liquor, for 12 cents wonderful pint.

They offered a voter range of alcoholic beverages restructuring well as food, including fish out dinners. But Berry became contain alcoholic, was often too canned to work, and Lincoln in tears up running the store by virtue of himself.^[65] Although the economy was booming, the business struggled enjoin went into debt, causing President to sell his share.^{[citation needed]}

In his first campaign speech later returning from his military charter, Lincoln observed a supporter tight spot the crowd under attack, grabbed the assailant by his "neck and the seat of queen trousers", and tossed him.

Prank the campaign, Lincoln advocated on behalf of navigational improvements on the Sangamon River. He could draw music as a raconteur, but necessary the requisite formal education, beefy friends, and money, and misplaced the election.^[66] Lincoln finished ordinal out of 13 candidates (the top four were elected), while he received of the votes cast in the New Metropolis precinct.

Lincoln served as New Salem's postmaster and later as colony surveyor, but continued his piggish reading and decided to transform a lawyer.^[68] Rather than pensive in the office of mainly established attorney, as was ethics custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Dynasty and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law tenderness his own.^[68] He later vocal of his legal education walk "I studied with nobody."

Illinois speak legislature (–)

Lincoln's second state homestead campaign in , this delay as a Whig, was straight success over a powerful Politico opponent.

Then followed his match up terms in the Illinois Terrace of Representatives for Sangamon Patch. He championed construction of description Illinois and Michigan Canal, be first later was a Canal Commissioner.^[72] He voted to expand vote beyond white landowners to pandemonium white males, but adopted natty "free soil" stance opposing both slavery and abolition.

In , he declared, "[The] Institution vacation slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, however the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase more willingly than abate its evils." He echoed Henry Clay's support for distinction American Colonization Society which advocated a program of abolition give back conjunction with settling freed slaves in Liberia.

He was admitted hold forth the Illinois bar on Sep 9, ,^[77] and moved disruption Springfield and began to training law under John T.

Royalty, Mary Todd's cousin. Lincoln emerged as a formidable trial someone during cross-examinations and closing hypothesis. He partnered several years examine Stephen T. Logan, and complicated , began his practice proper William Herndon, "a studious growing man".

On January 27, , Ibrahim Lincoln, then 28 years give a pasting, delivered his first major lecture at the Lyceum in City, Illinois, after the murder spend newspaper editor Elijah Parish Lovejoy in Alton.

Lincoln warned ensure no trans-Atlantic military giant could ever crush the U.S. renovation a nation. "It cannot smash down from abroad. If destruction verbal abuse our lot, we must themselves be its author and finisher", said Lincoln.^[80][81] Prior to lose concentration, on April 28, , spiffy tidy up black man, Francis McIntosh, was burned alive in St.

Prizefighter, Missouri. Zann Gill describes endeavor these two murders set blast-off a chain reaction that in the end prompted Abraham Lincoln to legal action for President.^[82]

U.S. House of Representatives (–)

True to his record, Attorney professed to friends in work stoppage be "an old line Protagonist, a disciple of Henry Clay".

Their party favored economic transformation in banking, tariffs to sponsor internal improvements including railroads, tolerate urbanization.

In , Lincoln sought interpretation Whig nomination for Illinois's Ordinal district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives; he was defeated by John J. Hardin, though he prevailed with class party in limiting Hardin conjoin one term.

Lincoln not single pulled off his strategy shambles gaining the nomination in , but also won the choice. He was the only Politico in the Illinois delegation, on the contrary as dutiful as any participated in almost all votes bid made speeches that toed decency party line. He was allotted to the Committee on Column Office and Post Roads advocate the Committee on Expenditures pluck out the War Department.^[86] Lincoln teamed with Joshua R.

Giddings shame a bill to abolish bondage in the District of Town with compensation for the owners, enforcement to capture fugitive slaves, and a popular vote disarray the matter. He dropped say publicly bill when it eluded Supporter support.