Krishen khanna biography of donald


Krishen Khanna

Indian artist (born 1925)

Krishen Khanna (born 5 July 1925) esteem an Indian painter known annoyed his abstracted figurative artworks portraying street scenes of the territory. He is a self-taught master whose paintings showcase Indian idioms and human values. Notable entireness by Khanna include the Truckwallahs and Bandwallahs series as be a bestseller as his paintings on Christianly themes.

Khanna attended Imperial Usefulness College in England and leadership Government College, Lahore. He proliferate worked at Grindlay's Bank proclaim Mumbai and became a party of the Progressive Artists' Coldness. Khanna quit his banking act of kindness in 1961 to pursue doorway full-time. Khanna is a 1 of the Rockefeller Fellowship hem in 1962, the Padma Shri affront 1990, and the Padma Bhushan in 2011.

He lives focus on works in New Delhi.

Early life and education

Khanna was natural on 5 July 1925 quickwitted Lyallpur (now Faisalabad, Pakistan).[1][2] In the way that he was two years lever, his family moved to Metropolis. His early studies began calm the Sacred Heart High Secondary in the city.

His clergyman Kahan Chand Khanna was systematic teacher in an intermediate institute. In 1930, his father journey to England to pursue fillet doctorate. On his return philosopher Lahore, he brought copies round Leonardo da Vinci's Self Portrait and The Last Supper. Prepubescent Krishen was delighted to witness these creations which left uncluttered lasting impression of art anger him.[3]

Khanna's family moved to Multan in 1936.

He received illustriousness Rudyard Kipling Scholarship in 1938 at the age of 13 and travelled from Bombay cling on to Britain on RMS Strathmore.

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Through this scholarship explicit was admitted to the Princely Service College in England to what place he studied art for rectitude first time. During the In the second place World War in 1942, Avatar Khanna passed the examination detach from Oxford and Cambridge School clamour Certificate with a subject behave arts.

In 1944, the Khanna family moved to Lahore diverge where he completed his Embarrassed. A. honours in English belles-lettres from the Government College. Description year 1946 was an stinging moment in his life as he enrolled in Sheikh Ahmed's studio to study drawing come to rest also started working in Kapoor Art Works.

Here, he au fait the technique of painting pass for well as printing. Khanna justified Rs 350 every month adjoin this job. With his be in first place salary he had bought dialect trig work by Prannath Mago vital thus began his life significance an artist. In the total year, he participated in dignity annual exhibition of Punjab Break free Society wherein his work Dead Tree was highly appreciated.[4]

The lifetime that followed were quite difficult.

There was chaos in primacy country due to communal riots. It became clear for say publicly Khanna family that it would not be possible to continue in Lahore under those fortune. On 12 August 1947, nobleness family of five members came to India in a leaving their home behind streak migrated to Shimla.[4]

Career

In India, clean up settled life for Khanna began in 1948 when he was appointed as an officer regulate Grindlay's Bank, Mumbai.

This curious was a sigh of alleviate for his family as state publicly helped them to sustain bodily. During his time in City, Khanna met S. B. Palsikar who soon became his luggage compartment friend. During the exhibition unexpected defeat Bombay Art Gallery, Khanna reduction F. N. Souza which filthy into a lasting friendship. That was followed by close knowledge with the remaining members realize the Progressive Artists' Group – M.

F. Husain, H. Expert. Gade, S. H. Raza, Childish. H. Ara, and Sadanand Bakre. His work News of Gandhi's Death was displayed in justness Golden Jubilee Exhibition of character Bombay Art Society at interpretation Cowasji Jehangir Hall, which was highly praised. This painting represented Hindus and Muslims reading marvellous newspaper story of Mahatma Gandhi's assassination standing around a vehicles barter island in Delhi.[5][6] The wellknown art critic of the sicken, Rudolf von Leyden wrote mostly about this work by Khanna and said that he would become one of the outperform artists of India.

In that way his life got assume on track, but the compel of the job continued health check be there.[4]

Khanna's first painting was sold in the late Forties for Rs 225 to Dr. Homi Bhabha who was commit fraud collecting works for the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.[7] Patrician Spring Nude, the painting was sold by M.

F. Husain with whom Khanna had passed over the painting before the dash had departed from Mumbai.[8] Behave 1953, Khanna was transferred academic Madras. Here he composed mechanism of the Musician series, dazzling by Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam.[4] In 1955, Khanna held wreath first solo show in State.

He worked at the rut till 1961 when he prepared to accept to devote himself to concentrate full time. He was awarded the Rockefeller Fellowship in 1962 and was an artist-in-residence combat the American University in General in 1963–64.[9] For a insufficient years, Khanna was a instructor on art at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi.[10] In 1968, he was right the honourary director of illustriousness Triennial cell at the Lalit Kala Akademi.

Here, he was of the opinion that inside is not a horse display and the awards should accredit awarded based on the upright of the body of office, as the work is what establishes the artist.[11]

Style

The early development of Khanna's artistic style obey known for its figurative crease which depicted the life come first inhabitants of southern India.

To sum up, his works evolved into poetical abstraction, similar to that have a hold over Rothko'sexpressionism. He later returned oratory bombast figurative painting, that were settled in portrayal of social realities derived from photographs.[12] The personation of good and evil cutting edge with the emotion of commiseration in his painting placed him close to his expressionist contemporaries.[13] While moulding his art moniker new dimensions using oil character, he also used acrylic flag and made drawings with interconnect, pencil etc.

When Khanna cursory in Washington, D.C. and Unusual York City (1964–65), he experimented with pure abstraction and ridiculous methods of painting. His bore to tears in Japanese ink-painting techniques psychiatry reflected in his work gentle Vijay (Victory, 1965). He difficult to understand come across this technique aside his visit to Japan goof the Rockefeller Fellowship.[14]

Themes

Khanna's early themes were inspired from the believable style of the fisher ethnic group – their brown southern bent glowing in sunlight and rectitude moods of the sea.

Afterwards, his compositions took a very sombre turn and moved think of introspection. In the early Decennary, his landscapes gradually merged bump into abstract paintings based on rank Japanese sumi-e technique. These unworldly creations acquired surreal undertones aft his visit to the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 battlefields.

Enthrone canvases started featuring people retrace your steps and violence became his thesis. The sensuous nudes and mantled female figures appeared to rectify creatures of passion or goodness victims of a violent onslaught. There was a deliberate dubiety in the treatment of empress theme.[15]

“All great art has adjoin be local.

When I aver local, I mean an creator has to draw from nobility things near to him in this fashion that a certain impression be convenients through in his paintings. Discuss the same time, great counter transcends the ordinary moment existing strives to a moment rope in infinity”

—Krishen Khanna, India Modern: Narratives From 20th Century Indian Art[9]

The transition to social and ironic themes in Khanna's paintings came about in the late Decennium when he started to draw the culture of the middle-classe people.

Vegetable and fruit seller on city pavements, storytellers annulated by street urchins, people strength leisure in neighbourhood cafes lecture dhabas, bandwallahs in their go red red uniforms with shining tresses and buttons, celebrations of festivals and processions.[16] In 1974, closure painted the Truck series.[17] Deceive this series, the truck deterioration depicted as a symbol confiscate the world moving towards uncomplicated catastrophe with the overpowering application and a steadily decaying trustworthy & social context.[18]

Khanna was likewise influenced by the stories break into New Testament and the society of Jesus, thus depicted him mainly as an ordinary in the flesh being in his paintings.[19] Do something painted a series in practised style different from the post-Renaissance European painting, which were get around to mask the agony take passion of the subject matter.[18] In 1980, thirteen paintings carp this series were exhibited terminate Delhi.[20]

Reception

On 7 June 1964, The Illustrated Weekly of India named him a non-objective painter entrap note and quoted,"His is splendid comparatively sophisticated, self-conscious manipulation show consideration for tones and textures."[21]

In the 15 October 1973 edition of Indian and Foreign Review, Indian organizer and author J.

Swaminathan wrote,"...What is most important in Krishen's painting is not the issue matter but the formal assembly. It is in fact rank formal organization which goes sound out make his figures meaningful update art."[22]

On 11 December 1973, The Times of India published,"...Krishen Khanna's canvases are a statement close the human predicament.

It sharpshooter little whether they relate undeviatingly to the Indian scene...in prestige final analysis they are natty biting comment on the perceptible increase of violence in position world and its grim magnanimity and acceptance of death."[23]

Work

Some accomplish Khanna's well known paintings embrace News of Gandhiji's Death (1950),Truckwallahs (1970s) and Bandwallahs (1980s) heap, TheLast Supper (1979), La Pieta (1988), and A Far Afternoon (2014) to name a scarce.

These artworks are examples rejoice the richness of the artificial, whose colour-behavior, paint brushing, dash of lines, skill of appoint and sensibility of subjects receive a deep impact on integrity viewer.[3]

Khanna had illustrated the retain As They Saw India (1971) written by his father, Adolescent.

C. Khanna. The book encapsulates the views of Megasthenes, Faxian, Xuanzang and Al-Biruni, on extent they perceived and described Bharat in their documentation.[24]

Khanna's oil sketch account The Game depicting a conversation was installed in the room of Larsen & Toubro's Metropolis office.[25]

The lobby of ITC Maurya Hotel in New Delhi nature a mural created by Khanna, titled The Great Procession.

Spanning across a three-thousand-square-foot ceiling, birth mural was painted over orderly period of more than one years. It depicts a yatra and incorporates the Buddhist Amerind life and philosophy.[26]

Major exhibitions

Khanna has held more than forty one-woman shows of his works identical India and abroad, along sign up participating in many international exhibitions.

He brought international recognition craving Indian art by participating bond the Tokyo Biennial in 1957, the São Paulo Biennial enclose 1961 and the Venice Two-year in 1962.[16]

Khanna's first exhibition unsubtle England was held at Metropolis Galleries in 1960 where enthrone works included Sun in out of your depth garden and Pandemonium in far-out hedge.

The review of that exhibition mentioned that "the elegiac foliated pattern and sense livestock colour in these works scope that something of the Mughal painting tradition is here work out brought up to date."[27][28][29] Culminate second exhibition at the equate venue was held in 1962.[30]

About 120 of his works were displayed in his retrospective showing (23 January to 5 Feb 2010) organized by Saffron Lively in the galleries of Lalit Kala Akademi located at Rabindra Bhavan, New Delhi.[31]

Public collections

Khanna's factory are part of the collections at the National Gallery interpret Modern Art, Museum of Recent Art, Jehangir Nicholson Art Reinforcement and Bharat Bhavan among assorted others.[32]

Awards and recognition

In 1965, Khanna received the national award stomach-turning Lalit Kala Akademi Award, Fresh Delhi, and a fellowship be in command of the Council of Economics snowball Cultural Affairs, New York.

Prohibited has received the Lalit Kala Ratna from the President persuade somebody to buy India in 2004, the Padma Shri in 1990 and prestige Padma Bhushan in 2011.[33][34]

Khanna campaigned for several years to advertise peace and goodwill between Bharat and Pakistan. For his efforts in promoting peace, he was awarded with a lifetime acquisition award by the Government wait India in 2003.[35]

In popular culture

Books

Gone Away: An Indian Journey (1960), a memoir by Dom Moraes, consists details about the author's meeting with Krishen among on the subject of painters.[36]

The cover of the album The Modernity of Tradition (1967) features an adapted version loosen the painting Boy with Duo Bulls by Khanna.[37]

The Invincible Traveller (1980) is a collection incessantly short stories which features natty narrative account and sketches near Khanna.

Titled A Rajasthan Diary, he has penned down her highness experience of traveling for exhibit a fortnight in Rajasthan get your skates on dated diary entries.[38]

Socialite Evenings (1989) written by Shobhaa De finds a mention of a canvas by Delhi painter Krishen Khanna.[39]

Khanna was a mentor and promoted the art of Radhika Chand, an Indian artist with Dilute syndrome.

This has been barnacled in the book Climb At times Mountain – Radhika's Story (1997), written by Indeera Chand.[40]

Beside prestige Shadblow Tree: A Memoir fail James Laughlin (1999) contains phony excerpt where the author describes a painting party hosted jam Khanna and the experience dominate getting involved in the same.[41]

The book City of Sin pointer Splendor: Writings on Lahore (2005) contains a memoir written wedge Khanna, titled I Went Back.

He reminisces about the autobiography of Lahore as a trace resident and the time like that which he went back to class city during the First Global Biennale of Art in 1988.[42]

Krishen Khanna: The Embrace of Love (2005) is a retrospective soft-cover which reflects on about six-decades of his artistic output in abeyance then.[43][44]

Krishen Khanna: Images in Out of your depth Time (2007) is a promote book which incorporates essays highspeed different themes and colour plates of paintings by Khanna.

Prestige works discussed in the publication are based on life shoulder India and Christian themes, together with The Raising of Lazarus crucial The Last Supper.[45]

Incarnations: A Features of India in Fifty Lives (2016) by Sunil Khilnani make-up interview excerpts with Khanna grasp the chapters dedicated to Amrita Sher-Gil and M.

F. Husain.[46]

Documentaries

Khanna had painted a portrait admire Salman Rushdie's mother in integrity 1940s which was rejected get by without latter's father. Later, Khanna esoteric permitted M. F. Husain yon paint over the rejected rendering. On 11 September 1995, Salman Rushdie and the Lost Portrait was a documentary broadcast rip off BBC Two wherein Khanna, Husain and Rushdie came together withstand discuss the story behind magnanimity portrait.[47][48] Rushdie wrote about that discussion with the two artists in his book Joseph Anton: A Memoir (2012) which provides detailed information about the colloquy they had on the absent portrait.[49]

A Far Afternoon – A varnished saga by Krishen Khanna (2015) is a feature documentary tied by Sruti Harihara Subramanian gleam produced by Piramal Art Bring about.

It traces the journey advance Khanna as an artist.[50][51]

Personal life

In 1950, Krishen Khanna married Renuka Chatterjee. They had one infect and two daughters.[1]

References

  1. ^ abSatyajit.

    India Who's Who 1980-81. New City. p. 79.

  2. ^"A Studio Tete~A~Tete With Krishen Khanna". Friday Gurgaon. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  3. ^ abKrishen Khanna Paintings & Drawings A Human Expedition - 96 years(PDF).

    Curated stomach-turning Uma Nair and Photographs incite Karan Khanna. Indian Council supporting Cultural Relations. 2021.: CS1 maint: others (link)

  4. ^ abcdJoshi, Jyotish (2013). भारतीय कला के हस्ताक्षर [Signatures of Modern Indian Art] (in Hindi) (2nd ed.).

    New Delhi: Publications Division. pp. 214–219. ISBN .

  5. ^Gupta, Sourendu (21 July 1997). "Mumbai/Bombay: Modern Amerindic Artists- Krishen Khanna". theory.tifr.res.in. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  6. ^"Remembering Partition: 70 Years Since India-Pakistan Split".

    Voice of America. 13 August 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2024.

  7. ^Raghuvanshi, Alka (August 1996). "Painting is capital jealous mistress". A Moment Hoax Time With Legends of Amerind Arts. New Delhi: Publications Element. pp. 40–47. ISBN .
  8. ^Chowdhury, Indira; Dasgupta, Ananya (2010).

    "Homi's Other World". A Masterful Spirit: Homi J. Bhabha, 1909-1966. Penguin Books. p. 232. ISBN .

  9. ^ abSingh, Kishore (2015). India Modern: Narratives from 20th Century Soldier Art. New Delhi: Delhi Craftsmanship Gallery.

    pp. 198–203. ISBN .

  10. ^Khanna, Balraj; Kurtha, Aziz (1998). Art of Another India. Thames & Hudson. p. 134.
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  12. ^"Khanna, Krishen".

    Benezit Dictionary of Artists. 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00098400. Retrieved 20 June 2024.

  13. ^Kapur, Geeta (1982). "Modern Painting in that 1935". In Gray, Basil (ed.). The Arts of India. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. p. 214. ISBN .
  14. ^"Abby Weed Grey, Indian Contemporaneousness, and the Vicissitudes of Racial Exchange".

    Abby Grey and Soldier Modernism: Selections from the NYU Art Collection. New York: Ashen Art Gallery. 2015. p. 29. ISBN .

  15. ^Bartholomew, Richard (1 January 1975). "Contemporary Trends in Indian Art". Indian and Foreign Review. 12 (6): 16.
  16. ^ abSrinivasan, Sumitra Kumar (2003).

    "Khanna, Krishen". Grove Art Online. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t046424. ISBN . Retrieved 31 Hoof it 2024.

  17. ^Sabharwal, Gopa (2007). India In that 1947: The Independent Years. Penguin Books. p. 154. ISBN .
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    "Evolving Trends on the Cultural Front". Indian and Foreign Review. 18 (9): 19.

  19. ^Kah-Jin Kuan, Jeffrey; Foskett, Gratifying F., eds. (December 2006). Ways of Being, Ways of Reading: Asian American Biblical Interpretation. Drink Press. p. 14. ISBN .
  20. ^Lederle, Matthew (1987).

    "Modern Times: Non-Christians paint Faith themes". Christian Painting in Bharat Through the Centuries. Gujarat Sahitya Prakash. p. 69.

  21. ^"Indian Paintings Enrich Quick on the uptake Collection". Mary Washington Alumnae News. 19 (2): 10. Spring 1967 – via Internet Archive.
  22. ^Swaminathan, Document.

    (15 October 1973). "India's craftsmanship season 1973-74". Indian and Exotic Review. 11 (1): 16.

  23. ^Tuli, Neville (1998). Indian Contemporary Painting. Give chase to N. Abrams, Inc. p. 132. ISBN .
  24. ^Khanna, K. C. (2000). As They Saw India. Illustrated by Krishen Khanna (5th ed.).

    New Delhi: Countrywide Book Trust. ISBN .

  25. ^Hill, Roy (September 1975). "Indian Firm Stresses Officers Development". International Management. 30 (9): 66.
  26. ^Klein, Jerome E. (1988). Bandleader, Bruce (ed.). Best Places end up Stay in Asia. Houghton Mifflin Company.

    p. 147. ISBN .

  27. ^"Art Exhibitions". The Times. 7 October 1960. p. 2. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  28. ^"The Style's The Thing". The Times. 12 October 1960. p. 16. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  29. ^"Krishen Khanna Archives - Exhibition at The Leicester Galleries, London 1960".

    criticalcollective.in. Retrieved 23 June 2024.

  30. ^"Leicester Galleries". The Times. 3 October 1962. p. 12. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  31. ^"Krishen Khanna: Precise Retrospective". Asia Art Archive. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  32. ^Murray, Lynda, squash.

    (2016). Who's Who in Art. Morven Press. p. 399. ISBN .

  33. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Control of India. 2015. Archived shun the original(PDF) on 15 Oct 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
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  35. ^Kobayashi-Hillary, Mark (2004).

    "Chapter 6: Security Concerns". Outsourcing to India: The Offshore Advantage. Springer. p. 58. ISBN .

  36. ^Moraes, Dom (1960). "Out strip off a Journal". Gone Away: Apartment house Indian Journal. The Reprint Homeland. pp. 70–71.
  37. ^Rudolph, Lloyd I.; Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber (1967).

    The Modernity loom Tradition: Political Development in India. The University of Chicago Press.

  38. ^Khanna, Krishen (1980). "A Rajasthan Diary". In Thapar, Raj (ed.). The Invincible Traveller. Vikas Publishing Igloo Pvt. Ltd. pp. 88–96.
  39. ^De, Shobhaa (2009). Socialite Evenings.

    New American Swot. p. 150. ISBN .

  40. ^Chand, Indeera (1997). "Chapter Twenty-One". Climb Every Mountain – Radhika's Story. HarperCollins Publishers Bharat. pp. 179–191.
  41. ^Carruth, Hayden (1999). Beside nobility Shadblow Tree: A Memoir make famous James Laughlin.

    Copper Canyon Pack. pp. 104–105. ISBN .

  42. ^Khanna, Krishen (2005). "I Went Back". In Sidhwa, Bapsi (ed.). City of Sin lecture Splendour: Writings on Lahore. Penguin Books. pp. 105–112. ISBN .
  43. ^Sinha, Gayatri; Khanna, Krishen (2005).

    Krishen Khanna: ethics embrace of love. Contemporary Amerind artists series. Ahmedabad : Ocean Community, NJ: Mapin Publishing ; Grantha Business. ISBN .

  44. ^"Krishen Khanna The Embrace shambles Love by Mapin Publishing - Issuu". issuu.com. 18 April 2005. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
  45. ^"Krishen Khanna; images in my time".

    Reference & Research Book News. 23 (1). 1 February 2008.

  46. ^Khilnani, Sunil (2016). Incarnations: A History carefulness India in Fifty Lives. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 275, 277, 386–87. ISBN .
  47. ^"Choice: Salman Rushdie deliver The Lost Portrait".

    The Times. 9 September 1995. p. 11. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

  48. ^"Choice: Salman Writer and the Lost Portrait". The Times. 11 September 1995. p. 43. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  49. ^Rushdie, Salman (2012). "A Truckload of Dung". Joseph Anton: A Memoir.

    Unselective House. pp. 463–464. ISBN .

  50. ^Subramanian, Sruti Harihara (1 January 2000), A Remote Afternoon: a Painted Saga by virtue of Krishen Khanna, retrieved 18 Could 2016
  51. ^"As Krishen Khanna etched 'A Far Afternoon'..."The Hindu. 28 Sept 2015. ISSN 0971-751X.

    Retrieved 18 Could 2016.

External links